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Welcome to the fruit bowl
Aptly named the fruitbowl of New Zealand, Hastings could equally claim standing as the country’s wharekai, (food house) especially today as [a] new producers and processors flourish alongside the traditional orchards, crops and pastoral land uses.
The city nestles in the heart of a district favoured by long sunshine, fertile soils and a benevolent climate. The earliest settlers were quick to realise the potential, establishing the farms and later the orchards and market gardens which together have been the foundation of Hastings’ prosperity for nearly 150 years.
These land-based enterprises in turn sparked processing industries, manufacturing and transport industries providing employment for the town’s growing population.
The orchards which today characterise the district, first appeared in the 1890s when enterprising landowner James Nelson Williams began commercial fruitgrowing in Frimley area. Soon he had established Hastings’ earliest canning and jam-making factory. The forerunner several similar plants to blossom with the fledgling fruit industry, it proved a hint of the much larger operation founded later by James Wattie, which was to become so much part of Hastings identity.
By 1910 Hastings was sending fruit and berries to other towns, it was home to the newly-formed Hawke’s Bay Fruitgrowers’ Association and orchardists were making early forays into exporting.
But the real glory years coincided with the maturing of Hastings towards city status, as fruit exports to Britain resumed post-Second World War and new technology and varieties appeared. By 1958, two-years-old as a city, Hastings produced 30 per cent of New Zealand’s apples and seven years later, with more than a third of the apples and 20 per cent of pears heading overseas, the area in orchard was still expanding.
So were market gardens and cropping farms. Typifying the progress Wattie’s began vegetable freezing, established more orchards and gardens of its own, introduced new fruit varieties, mobile harvesters and helicopter spraying. New products were added, and by the 1960’s, overcoming the the effects of the devastating 1962 fire with scarcely a blink, Wattie’s was absorbing other processing companies nationwide.
The growth was matched in the meat industry where the Tomoana works, founded in 1881, and Whakatu (1912), modernised and became Hastings’ largest employers. Other smaller operations appeared, Dawn Meat, Pacific Freezing and Richmond among them. Although some like Whakatu and Tomoana, folded in the tough 1980s and ‘90s, they left a legacy of leaders, workers and technological experience that make the reformed industry still one of Hastings’ most important.
Less fortunate, the dairy farms and factories that served Hastings for 100 years, declined with widespread change in the industry, and Hastings Milk Treatment Station, the last survivor, closed in 1996.
Meanwhile, another identity Hastings Bacon Factory (now Holly), concentrated on quality, niche market products, providing a foretaste of the area’s modern food industry where artisan-like operations such as Limburg Brewery are establishing new standards of excellence.
Re-fashioned to meet changing global markets, the traditional industries remain important. Hastings is still the bay’s horticultural centre, with about 85 per cent of the regional 18,000 horticulture acres and most major fruit pack houses. It produces onions, squash and asparagus for export, and processing vegetables such as corn and tomatoes.
Sheep and beef farming dominate the foothills and although today joined by a growing forestry industry, still account for just over 71 per cent of Hastings’ agricultural land. The district boasts 3.9 million sheep, 21 per cent of the North Island flock, 17 per cent of the beef herd, and 23 per cent deer.
As global markets change traditional producers and processors are switching from bulk commodities to value-added, niche products. Organic production is becoming important and new crops are appearing, for example, Hastings accounts for 20 per cent of North Island olive plantations and producers like Village Press are making their mark exporting.
Photo captions –
Fruit packers 1900’s
Mr. Apple Fruit packers 2002
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