Tikokino School Centennial 1866-1966

TIKOKINO SCHOOL
CENTENNIAL

1866 – 1966

Page One

INTRODUCTION

It has now become customary, wherever a Jubilee is being celebrated, for a booklet to be published containing the history of only 100 years or less. While any area in New Zealand is young in comparison to other parts of the world, we found that it was going to be extremely difficult for anyone to investigate, collect, and write our school’s history, for our pioneering ancestors were probably too occupied to record and preserve items of interest that today would be of value.

To Mr. J. G. Wilson, the author, and to Mr. P. Boyle, the editor, on whose shoulders the responsibility fell, I offer on behalf of the Centennial Jubilee Committee, Old Pupils and district residents, my sincere thanks for the time and effort that they put into making a success of this project.

This booklet was intended primarily to record the history of the school, but as investigations were carried out, it was found that the district’s history was fast being lost and so they have endeavoured to cover a wider field which I’m sure you will both enjoy and appreciate.

K. ADDIS
Chairman

AUTHOR’S NOTE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

In writing this sketch of the history of Tikokino, I was under the disadvantage of never having lived at Tikokino. In writing the story of any place it is a great help to have lived amongst its people and absorbed the local “atmosphere”. I had too short a notice to make the acquaintance of many of its residents. I found very little reference in newspapers or books to Tikokino. Many young men went to the Wars, where some died to preserve our peaceful homes. But for them we might now be living in bondage. Let us honour their memory.

In compiling the story of the school I am indebted to Mr. Pascoe of the Archives Department of Wellington. The Crown Lands Office, Napier, has helped with information on Argyll, Gwavas and Glenalvon. The staff of Waipawa County has been very helpful. Conversation with the Collins and Parkinson families has thrown light on timber milling days. Mr. Allan Knapp is an authority on European and local Moari [Maori] settlement. Mr. P. Boyle has collected information about local institutions. Mr. Codyre information about the school and Notes from the Log.

J. G. WILSON
February, 1966

The Tikokino School has been most fortunate in having very active school committees over the years and since the new school was built a very marked transformation has taken place. Committee members gave generously of their time removing trees and extending playing areas, etc. With generous help from the public a school swimming pool was provided, now complete with filtration plant, until today it is fair to say it is probably one of the best equipped country schools in Hawke’s Bay.

The present school committee comprises:
C. Stewart (Chairman)
D. Hughes (Secretary)
J. M. McDonald
I. Downey
R. Turfrey
J. Bradshaw
W. Hoffman

Editor

Page Two

LAND SETTLEMENT

On a large map, dated circa 1864, 5960 acres purchased by Thomas Tanner is shown as adjoining Hampden Town, there is an extensive Maori Reserve named Tikokino between Waipawa River and Hampden. (The name Hampden was finally dropped in 1908.) Eventually most of this reserve was bought by John Holden who sold 1140 acres to Worsnop Brothers. A note from the Crown Lands Office, between 1915 and 1946, Dalby Jonathan Holden and his wife Lorna Ruth Holden purchased 2220 acres of the Tikokino Maori Reserve. Over a period of years, E. G. Rathbone purchased 2101 acres near Tikokino. Tikokino was part of a block named Te Totara, 35,000 acres in area, lying between the Waipawa river and Manga-o-nuku river, purchased by the Crown August 28th, 1855. The price paid was £1300.

The name Totara was very appropriate. There were many thousands of acres of totara forests between the Waipawa river and the open country of Gwavas.

On W. D. Wilson’s farm, which was milled by Tuck in the late 90’s of last century, I measured a totara stump from which the sap had been burned. The carpenter’s rule I had in my pocket showed it was still six feet in diameter. Mr. Allan Knapp recorded a much larger tree. Giving evidence before the Maori Land Court at Waipawa in 1920, John Holden said he came to New Zealand in 1859 (with his mother, three sisters and two brothers – see the chapter on: Jonathan Holden).

On the same ship was Sydney Johnston and Sam Fletcher, later of Pendle Hill. On the ship was a German ship’s cook – Carl Leopold by name. Some months later he turned up at Hampden and worked for Holden senior. Leopold had jumped overboard and swum ashore.

In 1862 William Glenny took up some clear country, now occupied in part by Mr. Pat Boyle and David Wilson. About 1865 Albert Mount Newman bought out Glenny. In 1870 Newman leased the section of approximately 420 acres to Leopold at £35 per annum for seven years. When the lease expired he bought out Newman. Sheep returns show he heavily overstocked the farm. The prolonged depression of the “Hungry Eighties” proved disastrous to him.

A notice of a sale by order of the Supreme Court in the “H.B. Herald” in 1891, at the instance of the mortgage. His farm was bought by John Holden. Carl Leopold moved to Norsewood. He left after 30 years struggle almost as poor as the day he arrived at “Heavitree”. (The name was bestowed by Newman after a mansion of that name about 2 miles from Exeter in the south of England.)

Some time in the sixties the government had the whole area between the Waipawa River and Gwavas surveyed into hundreds of small sections in anticipation of a demand by discharged soldiers of the Maori Wars which ended about 1869-70. In the absence of a demand for them they fell like ripe plums into the hands of Holden Bros., Howard Bros. and James Matthews.

Mr. Matthews opened a store at Hampden and in 1865 became Postmaster at £6 per annum. Like the green bay tree of scripture he prospered exceedingly.

Some notes on Argyll Settlement

This block was taken over by Mr. Gournment and balloted on June 23rd, 1903. The Run, at one time the property of Stokes Bros., was taken up in the early fifties of last century. For settlement purposes the land was sub-divided into 33 dairy farms, 24 farms of mixed agricultural and pastoral and four small grazing runs. Thirty-eight of the sections, totalling 14,000 acres were on the Plains. They were generally known as Argyll West. They were separated from Argyll East by Mt. Manga-o-nuku River.

Hampden, now known as Tikokino, was the social centre for this part of Argyll. Most of their children attended Tikokino school. Twelve of the sections had a frontage to the main street of the village, then named Humboldt Street – probably in honour of the celebrated German naturalist. A small run named Wharetoka sandwiched into Argyll East had been purchased in the fifties by John Knight of Otane. Its presence must have been a pain in the neck to Stokes Bros. managers.

In 1903 it was anticipated that dairying would be a means of making a living by small farmers in Central Hawke’s Bay. Buildings called creameries were erected at Burnside, near Takapau, at Ongo [Onga] Onga and at Wakarara. No doubt it was expected that in due course one would be built at Tikokino.

Page Three

For various reasons the scheme was not adopted by many farmers and except for that at Onga Onga, which was opened with a blaze of trumpets, nothing remains except a block of concrete to show where they stood.

Probably the settlers in the vicinity derived some income from the sale of eggs, butter and chaff to the sawmillers of Tikokino. In the early 1900’s large areas of oats were grown, converted into chaff and railed to Taranaki and the King Country where saw-mills found work for hundreds of heavy horses.

When growing oats was no longer profitable farmers on the plains turned their attention to fattening lambs for the meat export trade. William Nelson had established freezing works at Tomoana, the North British Company had works at Ahuriri, and Thomas Borthwick & Sons built works at Pakipaki. (The works at Ahuriri and Pakipaki were ruined by the quake of February 3rd, 1931.) The real value of the land around Tikokino was not realised till topdressing pastures with super began to make headway towards the end of the 1920’s. It will be seen by the lists of original settlers on the Argyll and Gwavas Settlements that few continued in occupation long enough to reap the benefit of their pioneering labours. This is especially true of Gwavas Settlement, where beautiful homes and “2-car” sheds indicate success.

Successful applicants at the ballot for sections on the Plains west of the Manga-o-nuku. Commencing at the Manga-o-nuku bridge on the road from Waipawa.

On Waipawa Road from the Bridge

Sec.   Area   Applicant
7   347   R. Parker
5   275   M. Whight
2   277   N. Nilson
1   642   R. Spring
2   701   R. L. Mitchel
1   760   G. Petrowsky
25   878   L. McKay
24   880   Isabell McKenzie

On Tikokino Road

Sec.   Area   Applicant
18   173   D. Vesty
2   305   S. Ritchie
22   296   J. Moorcock
23   215   J. Manning
17   173   J. Latham
16   145   S. Addis
15   110   S. May
25   96   M. Rattigan
100   C. E. Orr
23   100   C. E. Douglas
25   322   G. Cossar

On Hampden Road

Sec.   Area   Applicant
19   247   W. Cross

On Waipawa Gwavis [Gwavas] Road

4   525   E. Nelson
3   571   D. R. McLeod
4   627   T. Howell
3   561   D. Buler [Butler?]
2   661   J. Butler
1   417   L. Meeking
41   424   E. Oakenfell
40   375   E. Oakenfell
39   362   R. O’Rourke
35   179   E. Scarrot
34   132   D. V.
33   231   S. Stokes
32   257   P. Peterson
20   535   T. Moorhead

At the sale of Hampden Town sections on July 2nd, 1860.

In the Hampton [Hampden] Agricultural Reserve Sections 59-171-73 realised 10/- each; sections 75, 11/-; section 117, 18/-.

T. H. Fitzgerald, Provincial Superintendent, bought sections 1 to 11 and 13 to 33 inclusive, 1885 acres for £1386/18/-. Probably on behalf of the provincial government.

Of these sections 921 acres are now in the possession of the Matthews Estate.

Some early settlers who gave their address as Hampden in the Sheep Returns of 1880-1-2.

William Hall, 587 sheep; J. Ingles, 467 sheep; Moore & Parkinson, 200 sheep; T. Poole, 395 sheep; Rirai Ropata, 300 sheep; Pewa Renata, 400 sheep.

These two Maoris probably ran sheep on the Reserve. The lack of individual titles and absence of fences made it difficult for a Maori to take up farming in early days.

TIKOKINO TOWN SECTIONS

“H.B. Herald”, June 2nd, 1860.
171 Town Sections at Hampden to be sold by auction on July 2nd, 1860, at Napier.
Crown Lands Department. 50 Rural Sections at Hampden – same sale.

Purchases of Town Sections
Hampden, 2nd July, 1860

William McKay, B. Goulton, Charles Limpus, John Ford, 2 sections; J. N. Wilson, 2 sections; William Rathbone, Edward Boyle. 2 sections; Charles Weber, 2 sections; Fred Rich, 2 sections; Dan Rich, 2 sections; Isaac Doitel, 4 sections; John Wilkinson, Thomas Gill, William Rathbone, 3 sections.

Most sections were a quarter-acre each. Section 53, 3 roods 8 p. £5; Sections 59-171-73, realised 10/- each; Section 75, 11/-; 117, 18/-.

Page Four

Obviously many of the buyers were speculators. In the Hampden Agricultural Reserve, T. H. Fitzgerald, Provincial Superintendent, bought Sections 1 to 11 and 13 to 33, including 1885 acres at £1386/18/-, probably on behalf of the provincial government.

The reserve price on most of the quarter-acre sections was 3/-.

Sections in the township of Porangahau and Blackhead were bought by many of the same people as in the above list. They were doing a little gamble in land at a very small outlay.

In August, 1860, Thos. Tanner bought 5960 acre Tikokino block at 10/- per acre. William Colenso bought 80 acres of suburban land at Hampden. John Ford in the above list was probably the same man who opened the first hotel in Waipawa in 1859.

GLENALVON SETTLEMENT 1907

The late E. G. Rathbone’s estate was 2403 acres in area of which 27 1/2 acres was Crown Leasehold. The Crown purchased by negotiation, 1242 acres for settlement purposes. The sale was completed on March 1st, 1948. The land was cut up into 4 farms and balloted on 15th March, 1950.

Here is a list of the successful applicants: Section 1: William Hector Mercer, 335 acres. Section 2: Stanley James Rumbal, 355 acres. Section 13: John Campbell Pettit, 303 acres. Section 31: Douglas George Dillon, 298 acres.

(Note, I have omitted all the roods and perches in all the above-mentioned areas.)

This settlement lies in a very attractive farming area – not too dry and not too near the mountains.

E. G. Rathbone died in 1935.

The Glenalvon Estate of the late E. G. Rathbone was not part of the Maori Reserve.

EXTRACT 1908

“Springvale”, Tikokino, the property of Mr. Jonathon Holden, is a freehold estate of 7000 acres, with 3000 acres of leasehold native land. The property is hilly, and contains considerable native bush, which is being cleared. The winter stock comprises 11,000 Lincoln Romney Marsh crossbred sheep of which 5000 are breeding ewes, the lambing percentage is 85%. In the Summer seasons upwards of 14,000 sheep and lambs are depastured, and there are also 350 head of shorthorn cattle on the property. The woolshed has twenty shearing stands, and provides accommodation for 500 sheep in the night pens.

THE HAMPDEN BUSH DOMAIN BOARD

Founded by John Jaunsey Buchanan, for town extension and recreation ground, and left to provide grazing for cows to provide milk and cream for the villagers. Consisting of two 52-acre sections.

The present members of this Board: A. Rumbal, R. Mackie, J. Elmers [Ellmers], V. Collins.

Some six years ago, due to the small number of cows now grazed on the domain, the Board decided to lease 52 acres on the south side of Holdens Road and this block is now being farmed by Mr. V. S. Collins. The remaining 52 acres being retained for the grazing of cows.

EXTRACT 1908

Gwavas Station, Tikokino, the property of Mr. A. S. G. Carlyon, is one of the most important sheep runs in Hawke’s Bay, and is noted for its stock. The freehold property of 25,000 acres of hilly and undulating country “Gwavas” carries a winter stock of 21,800 Romney Marsh crossbreds, 11,000 of which are breeding ewes and the lambing averages about 80%. Some of the first polled Angus cattle in Hawke’s Bay were raised on this station. The present herd numbers 800, including a stud herd of fifty-eight. Upwards of 50 horses are in constant use, and permanent employment is provided for twenty-five persons, this number being augmented to about 65 during the shearing season. The woolshed contains an hydraulic wool press, and is fitted with twenty stands of “Burgon & Wolseley” sheep shearing machines, with the whole being driven by a six horse power “Marshall” traction engine. Adjacent to the woolshed are circular sheep yards capable of holding 3000 sheep. There are twenty buildings on the property, including several dwellings. A small portion of land covered with Native Bush is being carefully preserved.

Page Five

HAMPDEN BLOCKHOUSE, COMPLETED 1865-1866

NOTE ON JONATHAN HOLDEN

He was born in Manchester in 1822. He landed in Wellington in 1857 and walked up the coast to Napier. In the course of his wanderings he came to the forest at Tikokino. He had been in the joinery trade and was greatly impressed by the splendid trees – totara, matai, rimu and kahikatea (white pine) trees in the forest which grew there in great abundance. He would not know anything about the trees or their qualities, but felt that where such a wealth of timber grew the land must be good.

His biographer, Douglas Cresswell, says he walked back to Wellington and purchased a homestead site probably 80 acres from the Crown – the price would be 10/- per acre. He wrote home to his wife and family instructions to take the first available ship to New Zealand. They arrived at Wellington in 1859 in the ship “Alma”, where he was waiting for them. They took a coastal boat to Napier. The family consisted of the mother, 3 sons and 3 daughters – 7 persons.

The sons were John, Jonathan and Thomas. The daughters were Alice, Nancy and Jane.

It is remarkable that a man brought up in a city like Manchester could fell trees, split them into slabs and build a crude whare in which his family were to live after their arrival. Jonathan Holden, the head of the Holden family tree, was killed when trying to release a tree which had caught in another while falling. He died April 22nd, 1864, aged  42 years. The family cemetery is on a hilltop near the homestead at Springvale, surrounded by tall trees. His wife Ann, died August 29th, 1907, aged 83 years. His son John died 15th April, 1926, aged 80 years; his son Thomas, father of Dalby, died November 1931, aged 90 years. His daughter Alice married Findlay Morrison, Nancy married W. Timperley, and Jane married James Matthews, his second wife. This story was told the writer by the late George Fletcher as an illustration of scarcity of cash and difficulties overcome. Needing a ram Holden and Sam Fletcher remembered that Sandy Grant of Burnside was a generous man and a helper of those in need. They walked to Burnside and explained that they had no money but needed a ram which they would pay for later. Mr. Grant agreed and pointed out a ram they could have. From a flax bush they pulled flax and plaited a rope with which they tethered the sheep and set out to lead, drive or pull the ram, a merino, with horns to Tikokino, 12 miles or more distant, with two rivers and some creeks to cross. They would no doubt carry it over the rivers to save having a wet sheep to cope with. It would be a two-day job.

After Jonathan Holden’s death in 1864, the family experienced great financial difficulties and physical hardships.

A large camp oven cooked almost everything, that they survived and eventually prospered was due to wise foresight and unremitting toil. Giving evidence in a compensation case in 1920 at Waipawa, John

Page Six

Holden said they sold posts, rails, and strainers to Alex Grant of Burnside and Sydney Johnston of Oruawharo. (Totara posts in those days were 7 feet long and sunk at 7 feet intervals in a fence. Battens were unknown in early years in Hawke’s Bay. I have a copy of an account between Edward Bibby of Waipawa and Carl Leopold of “Heavitree” for supplying 5391 posts, 441 rails, 386 strainers and stays for same dated April 19th, 1883, £223.)

These were floated down the Waipawa River to the railway bridge. J. Wheeler had a contract to collect them and load into trucks at Waipawa Railway Station. The nett return to Carl Leopold was £101/17/3.

It will be noticed that the family lived to a ripe old age in spite of all the hard work and lack of amentities [amenities] now found in nearly all homes. They seemed to have always lived on good terms with the local Maoris.

In the course of a century the descendants have become large land owners and have prospered exceedingly as revealed by the annual sheep returns. John Holden, a grandson of the original Jonathan, was killed in a car accident near Waipawa in 1919.

In the early years, when the holding comprised 10,000 acres, the 20,000 sheep carried were all blade shorn, wool being taken to Napier by bullock drawn dray which took about 10 days for the return journey. Later a traction engine took the wool to Waipawa when the railway was completed.

The first trout hatchery was established on Springvale, the earthworks for the ponds are discernable [discernible] today.

In 1913 approximately 3000 acres was sold to Kelly & Houston, 600 acres to Sutherwaite [Satterthwaite?]and 300 acres to Harry Buchanan.

SMEDLEY

JOSIAH HOWARD

Mr. Howard took up a large number of sections or blocks, as they were called in early maps. He eventually accumulated a total of 7,700 acres, much of it very rough hilly country. I do not know when Howard first took up land at Smedley. Howard Brothers in sheep returns of 1880 had 5000 sheep and 6000 in 1882. In the sheep returns of 1895 he shows 17,000. From that date both the sheep and their numbers deteriorated rapidly. As he grew old he had very fixed and peculiar ideas on sheep farming. In early years there was little erosion and more native grass. Over grazing had disastrous effects on the rocky hillsides. He kept few cattle and never culled his ewes.

Pasture, sheep, buildings and fences all were in a bad way when he died on January 5th, 1919.

In 1925 Josiah Howard had 11,552 sheep. In 1895 there were 17,000 sheep on Smedley.

He left a will dated December 19th, 1910, in which he left all his property to His Majesty the King without restriction but in confidence that the government of New Zealand would use his property as a foundation on endowment for the purposes of agricultural education.

In October 1919, the Howard Estate Trust Act was passed. This provided that the Estate could be leased or farmed. The net revenue to be expended:
(a)   Establishing and maintaining a school of agricultural education to be under the control of the minister of agriculture.
(b)   The improvement and development of the estate.

It is believed that Mr. Howard’s intentions were that Smedley should become an agricultural college where promising young men, preferably sons of small farmers could be trained in better standards of farming and of raising, buying and selling livestock.

When Mr. Howard died there were 270 cattle and 14,428 sheep. The sheep were a poor lot, being a mixture of Merino, Lincoln and Romney. At least 50 per cent were unfit for breeding purposes. Government farm experts took a dim view of the suitability of the property for the purpose Mr. Howard had in view. The question was debated during several years. Plainly the government was unwilling to do anything. Actually it was proposed that the property be sold and the proceeds be diverted to a government farm at Weraroa near Levin. Local opinion was, naturally, hostile to that proposal. Eventually a Board was formed to manage the estate and to carry out the donor’s intention.

The first meeting of the Board was held on 1st June, 1929. The members were Mr. E. Averill, chairman; Messrs. Cuthbertson, Robottom, Absolom and Livingston.

Accommodation for trainees had to be built and much money spent on repairs. The Board decided to train ten boys. Five went into residence in January 1931, and five more next year. It was 12 years before Mr. Howard’s plans began to operate.

The College has been very successful. By January 1966, 215 boys have been trained or are in training. Each year two boys have the

Page Seven

opportunity to continue their education at Massey College at the Board’s expense.

The 1964-65 woolclip was 114,600 lbs. at June 1965, the station carried 10,560 sheep and 1250 cattle. The balance sheet reveals a very healthy state of affairs: At June 30th, 1965, the assets were valued at £164,398/3/2. Where possible the Board maintains contact with past trainees and notes with pleasure their success. The Board today consists of H. S. Rathbone, Chairman; S. K. Gilbertson, A. W. Jull, G. A. Cammock and P. J. Lamason.

Mr. P. J. Mepham, Public Trust Napier, is Secretary of the Board.

JOHN JAUNSEY BUCHANAN

John Jaunsey Buchanan was one of the Canterbury Pilgrims. He was born near Edinborough [Edinburgh], Scotland. He came to New Zealand in the ship “Castle Eden”. He had bought a section in Canterbury which he farmed for a short time. After a visit to the Australian goldfields in 1865 he returned to New Zealand and came to Napier. In another part of this story it will be seen that he met Mr. Goodwin, the Inspector of Schools, who suggested to him that he accept the job of master of the school at Hampden. He had married before coming to New Zealand. Apart from the school he took a very active part in local body affairs. He took up land at Blackburn. He was chairman of the Domain Board, the Cemetery Trustees, Waipawa Licensing Committee and Ruataniwha Road Board. The school log reveals that he visited there very frequently over a long period of years. He had a family of 4 sons and 5 daughters. Mr. Buchanan died on February 27th, 1913.

Dr. TODD

Dr. Todd came to Waipawa in 1864 and became medical officer to the troops stationed at Tikokino and Ruataniwha. The files of the “Waipawa Mail” reveal that he was frequently called to attend accident cases at Tikokino. Mill hands and bushmen met with many accidents. There was no compensation for injuries suffered while at work in those days.

The Dr. was often called from his bed to attend maternity or sickness cases out in the country. Failing a guide, a lantern on a gate post showed where he was wanted. He died July 17th, 1914, aged 74 years. His memorial can be seen in the old Waipawa cemetery.

Dr. Von Mirback, an aristocratic young German, practised his profession in Waipawa in the nineties. He was very friendly with the Findlay Morrison family of Makaretu. Some months after he left New Zealand they received a Christmas card from him which had been posted from a town in Southern Russia. He probably was consulted by residents of Tikokino.

JAMES MATHEWS

James Mathews arrived in Tikokino from Ireland about 100 years ago. He was first a storekeeper and gradually acquired between 2000-3000 acres in the district as well as town sections. He later purchased “Mangataura”, then approximately 3300 acres of bushland.

Sheep returns for Hawke’s Bay showed in 1876 James Mathews as having 404; in 1882, 1600; in 1895, 2375 at Tikokino and 2429 at Mangataura and in 1903, 6888 at Mangataura and Tikokino.

After Warld [World] War II, 1200 acres of the Tikokino property was sold to the Government for three Rehabilitation Farms.

J. E. KNAPP

On the banks of the Waipawa River, 70[?] miles west of Waipawa, “Makakai” has been in the Knapp family since 1874. It comprises 682 acres of land. When J. E. Knapp took over the property half the area was covered in native bush, the remainder in bracken and native grasses. Sawmills and bush fires played a large part in the clearing of the land.

J. E. Knapp died in 1937 and the property is now farmed by his son, Mr. R. A. Knapp.

Colenso travelled over what is now Makakai land on his way up the Waipawa River on his first attempt to cross the Ruahine range in February, 1845.

Page Eight

AN EARLY SCENE OUTSIDE THE SAWYERS ARMS HOTEL

THE MAORIS OF TIKOKINO

I have been unable to learn much about the Maori people of Tikokino. Colenso the missionary said there were no Maoris living there when he passed close by on his return from crossing the Ruahine Range in March, 1845.

Most of the Maoris of this part of Hawke’s Bay, about 1826, in fear of an invasion by the notorious Rauparaha of Kapiti Island, migrated to Mahia Peninsula where they were under the protection of Te Wera who had in the course of trade accumulated a quantity of firearms. Most of them returned to Hawke’s Bay about 1838 when the danger of invasion was passed. It seems likely that the present pa was not adapted for defence and was not occupied in the 1840’s. They had a pa on a high cliff a couple of miles up the river. They had been raided by Maoris from the west of the range and had suffered loss in an invasion by a large party of Maoris, about 800 in number, who came from Waikato by way of Taupo and passed on to Wairarapa, slaughtering as they travelled. They eventually returned home via Wanganui River and Taupo. This was long before Rauparaha’s invasion of the West Coast.

When Commissioner G. S. Cooper negotiated the purchase of the Totara Block in August, 1855, the local Maori owners asked for a Reserve. An area of approximately 3000 acres was granted. This was called on early maps the Tikokino Native Reserve. An enquiry to the Maori Affairs Department disclosed the vague information that they were of the Kahungungu [Kahungunu], the Hawke’s Bay tribe.

There is a Maori cemetery below a river terrace and about two chains from the Waipawa-Wakarara road. In that cemetery is a solitary tombstone erected to the memory of:

H. E. WHAKAMAHATANGA
Uo
Ropata Te Hoakakari
I Mate Tikokino
I Te 25 o Noema
1881
E Waru Te Kauona
Tau

Enquiries at the Maori Affairs Department at Palmerston North and Wellington failed to provide any information showing who this chief was. There are many mounds indicating the graves of children in the enclosure. A few chains along the road can be seen the railed enclosure of an adult’s grave.

There lived at the pa a very noted Maori named Moses (presumably on account of his patriarchal white whiskers). The story is that he had been carried off as a prisoner by a war party (Taua) from beyond the ranges. Due to the kindly intervention of Bishop Williams, he was returned many years later to Tikokino.

About 30 years ago Mr. Allan Knapp took me for a walk to a dry spot where two water- courses joined. There, many years before, Moses had buried his infant child. He left his spade, which had become tapu in digging the grave, lying there. Probably what the process of time has left of it can still be seen.

SAWMILLING

In the first issue of the “Daily Telegraph’, February 1st, 1871, appeared this advertisement:

“Peter Gow and William Rathbone have the best of timber at Tikokino steam sawmill.”

A man named Cashmore came from Auckland and some time in the sixties started Hawke’s Bay’s first sawmill at a block of white pine forest near Mangateretere School. He later entered into partnership with Peter Gow and founded the sawmill referred to in the above advertisement. William Rathbone of Waipawa apparently bought out Cashmore. The Cyclopedia of N.Z., page 523, says Mr. Gow got a contract for the supply of timber for railway bridges between Waipukurau and Pakipaki. From the specifications in the appendix to the House of Representatives for the railway to Waipukurau I learned that six hundred and fifteen thousand feet of timber was used in the Waipawa railway bridge in 1875. Many hundreds of totara trees would be felled to supply that order. There would be a lot of timber waggon [wagon] traffic on the Waipawa – Tikokino road at that time and during many years. It was a profitable business for Mr. Gow. In 1876 he bought from H. B. Russell, the Tavistock Hotel and 46 acres of land with it.

Old identities of Tikokino say that at various times there were nearly 20 sawmills at Tikokino.

Mr. Manson came from Banks Peninsula and founded a large mill at Tikokino. The mill was situated in the township. I remember an enormous pile of slabs and sawdust nearly opposite the hotel. The logs came from Gwavas and were brought on a tramway by a converted traction engine. The tramway, about 4 1/2 miles crossed the Manga-o-nuku stream on a substantial bridge. This mill was operating from 1904 to 1912. Its capacity was 10,000 feet daily. Messrs. Manson and Tuck had a mill of the same size about 7 miles from Tikokino called “The Attic”, on what is now Mr. Franklin’s farm. Mr. King was secretary and lived in a cottage about 2 miles away on what is now David Wilson’s farm. This mill opened in 1901 and obtained logs from “Heavitree’” where there was a magnificent forest of totara, matai, rimu and kahikatea (white pine). Mr. John Holden, owner of the land, reserved about 12 acres of forest, now owned by Mr. Pat Boyle. This reserve is a source of pleasure to any who love the primeval forest.

There is by the roadside in front of Springvale a very small reserve of securely fenced forest where very tall and stately trees

HAULING LOGS ALONG TRAMWAY TO MILL

Page Ten

can be seen in their native state – long may their branches wave in summer breeze or winter gale.

Photo captions –

TIKOKINO TOWNSHIP MILL (MASON & TUCK)

CROSSING MANGAMUKU STREAMS BY “THE SISTERS”
Converted Traction Engine hauling logs from Gwavas Bush to Tikokino Township Mill
Dave Eddy, Driver; Fred Parkinson, Apprentice

Page Eleven

RATHBONE’S MILL

THE ATTIC MILL?

Page Twelve

THREE BULLOCK TEAMS ON RATHBONE’S, ABOUT 1903

EXTRACTS FROM ENCYCLOPEDIA [CYCLOPEDIA] OF NEW ZEALAND, 1908 – SAWMILLING

Manson & Co., Sawmillers & Timber Merchants, Tikokino.

Mills at Tikokino and Attic: yards at Waipawa and Hastings; Head Office, Tikokino.

The Gwavas mill was established in November, 1904, and is one of the largest and most up-to-date saw mills in Hawke’s Bay. Timber treated is cut from the Gwavas property, and comprises totara, matai and white pine. There are over four miles of tramway leading from the mill to the bush, over which a converted traction engine hauls the heavy logs. The mill contains both circular saws, with a forty-five foot bench, a twenty-seven horse power engine, with a thirty-five horse power boiler, a Gamman patent breast bench with cone feed, a four-sided planing and moulding machine, and a large turning lathe. Thirty- eight persons are employed, and the average output is 10,000 feet of timber per day. the Attic, or top mill, is situated about seven miles from Tikokino and was established in the year 1901. The machinery, which is driven by a ten horse power Marshall engine, comprises an Atlas planing and moulding machine, twin circular saws and firewood saws. The latest improvements have been installed, including a ripping bench, feeding gear, and sawdust elevators. Rimu, matai, totara and white and red pine are the timbers cut, and there is a tramway extending for nearly two miles into the bush. The average output is about 8000 feet per day but the mill is capable of working up to 10,000 feet. Sixteen bullocks and a number of horses are kept for haulage purposes. Dressed timber and mouldings are always in stock. This firm, having timber yards in Hastings and Waipawa, finds regular employment for about sixty-three persons.

TRAMWAY

In the provincial estimate for the year commencing June 1874, appears an item: “Hampden Tramway Grant in Aid, £3000”. Probably it had been proposed to lay a tramway from Waipawa to Hampden, though the railway did not reach Waipawa till 1875.

In the early years of this century the government was asked in the “House” to run a trial survey for a railway from Takapau to Tikokino. At that time the settlers on the Plains grew large areas of oats and some wheat. This was before the advent of the motor lorry. Fortunately, the proposal was abandoned.

Page Thirteen

POST OFFICE

The first postmaster was Mr. James Matthews, who was appointed in 1865. His salary was £6 per annum. He was one of a dozen or more storekeepers in Hawke’s Bay who ran the local post office in connection with their business.

Mr. Matthews retained the post office till his death in 1902. His widow carried on till October 1902, when the store was sold to Mr. E. O. Roach, who was appointed post- master October Ist, 1902.

The new office is opened in charge of Mr. Roach’s successor, Mrs. Florence McKittrick, who is a permanent member of the department. The postal revenue was £120 in 1900 and £146 in 1910.

A money order office and a P.O. savings bank were opened 1st April, 1886. The savings bank deposits in 1900 numbered 98 and in 1910, 75. A telephone office was established at Tikokino on the 18th of January, 1890. It must have been a very great convenience to the local people. In a typed paper sent to the local postmistress there is a description of the new building but no date at the head of the communication to show when the figures were compiled or why they were confined to the 1900-1910 period, now 56 years past. Obviously they were extracted from the annual Post and Telegraph Report.

The country surrounding Tikokino, at present known as the Wakarara Survey District was originally dense forest, was surveyed and laid off by the provincial government in 1860. Hampden Village was known as Oro-po-keko. The post office is erected on the site of the old blockhouse.

When the P.O. Savings Bank was opened in 1886, the “hungry eighties”, five pound notes were nearly as rare as feathers on a frog.

Mrs. Florence McKittrick was postmistress from 1911-1924. She was followed by Miss Dulcie Nathan, 1924-1961. Mrs. Birrell present postmistress.

EXTRACT FROM ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEW ZEALAND, 1908

Post Office Store (E. O. Roach, Proprietor), Tikokino.

This store was established by Mr. W. Austin many years ago, and acquired by the present proprietor in September, 1902. The shop is sixty feet by twenty-five feet, and there are several large bulk stores in the rear. A large stock of drapery, drugs, clothing, hardware, groceries, boots and shoes, saddlery, stationery, and other general merchandise is kept on hand, and the requirements of the district are well catered for. Country produce is bought and sold on a large scale. Mr. Roach is agent for the New Zealand State Fire Insurance Company, Sun Fire Insurance Company, Horton’s Nursery, Hastings Fruitgrowers’ Association, Pahiatua Seed Company, and for the “Weekly Press”, “Canterbury Times”, “Auckland Weekly News”, “New Zealand Mail”, ““Hawke’s Bay Herald” and the “Waipawa Mail”.

“Post Office” is run by the store and comprises combined money order office, savings bank, telegraph office, and telephone bureau. Mails are received and dispatched daily.

THE CHURCHES

In the 1890’s the people of Tikokino felt the need of a building for religious worship. After much discussion the Anglican and other denominations decided that sectarian divisions should be ignored. Meetings were held and money raised. A church was built which has served its purpose till the present day. It has now become shabby and is inconvenient. It cost £218 originally when wages were low and money scarce. Today, in conformity with the ecumenical spirit now widely prevalent, steps are being taken to erect a modern church with a separate Sunday school and a vestry, a kitchen, other conveniences and a car port. The contractor has made a start on the job. It is interesting to note that Rev. W. Colenso contributed £5 to the building of the old church, The contractor was Mr. Bradshaw, the site was given by Mr. W. Matthews, the Bible by Mr. Parkinson senior, and the bell by Mrs. Peter Gow. Many clergy have used the pulpit since that day, more than sixty years ago.

The Catholic Church

Many years ago the Plymouth Brethren had a numerous following in the district. They built a substantial church. In the course of time their numbers diminished so greatly that the church was rarely used.

Eventually the building was sold to the Roman catholics who had it removed to a new site in the village.

THE OLD CEMETERY

This section was found to be so wet that it had to be abandoned. A new cemetery was opened in 1912 on a drier site. The tombstones in the old cemetery were removed and in 1965 the names of those interred there were transferred to a single memorial stone in a clear section adjoining. This work was done by the Waipawa County with government permission. Names engraved on the new memorial tablet:

Parkinson, Ada, 1891; Parkinson, Ethel Mary; Parkinson, George, 1919; Parkinson, George Henry, 1902; Parkinson, Harry, 1890; Parkinson, Isobella Rosina, 1928; Parkinson, Henry, 1891; Vesty, Annie Eliza, 1917; Vesty, Mary Ann, 1884; Vesty, Samuel William, 1920; Thom, Margaret Isobel, 1906; Adamson, William Brown, 1935; Anderson, Sarah Sophia, Neville; Baker, Frederick Charles, 1902; Floyd, George Arnold; Green, George Neville, 1904; Green, Sarah, 1913; Green, Ivy, 1904; Hall, John H.; Hall, William Mrs.; Ingles, Aggie; Ingram, Amelia Ann, 1907; Ingram, Emma Louisa, 1878; Ingram, Minnie Eliza, 1876.

There is a small meeting room in the front of the building and at the rear a library and reading room.

Tikokino is credited with a population of 420 people in the New Zealand Guide of 1955.

As stated earlier, Jonathan Holden, who came to New Zealand in 1857, was the first settler in this district, One of the Pharazyn family of Wairarapa apparently had sheep grazing in this locality in the fifties of last century. He employed Fred Tiffen as a boundary rider. Some years ago Mr. Allan Knapp showed me a very primitive hut not far from his house named Tiffen’s whare. There is a paddock on Gwavas still named Pharazyn’s.

The Hampden branch of the Manchester Unity Order of Oddfellows was formed on the 17th October, 1885. Eleven foundation members met in the schoolhouse. The hall was built as one room in 1898 on land donated by Mrs. Ingram, who then owned the hotel. Other rooms were added on at various times, the last renovation was completed in 1955. Since 1885 the Lodge has met regularly and now has 120 members.

THE MEMORIAL HALL

On a small section near the Post Office the people of the district have erected a substantial building on the covered porch of which there is displayed a marble slab on which is engraved the names of twenty-two men who fought for their country and those who died in the Great War of 1914-1918 and 1939-1945 war.

ROLL OF HONOUR
1914-1918 and 1939-1945

Boult, C.
Foulds, C.
Livingstone, R.
Hudson, J.
Parkinson, W. H
Shields, J.
Oliver, E.
Goodall, B. C.
Crosbie, J.
Kelly, C.
Moroney, J.
McLeod, M.
Parkinson, Jas.
Wood, J.
Little, J. R.
Cullwick, H.
Leivre [Le Lievre?], C.
McLeod, J.
Monk, J. L.
Peers, R.
Oliver, T.
Richardson, R. B.

EARLY VIEW OF HAMPDEN, ABOUT 1907

Page Fifteen

HAMPDEN, MAIN STREET, EARLY 1900’s

TIKOKINO GUN CLUB

The Club was formed before the 14-18 war. A clay pidgeon [pigeon] club. The shoots took place either at Fletchers Crossing, near Wakarara, or on Roach’s property. Later the sports ground was used. In 1923 a cup was presented by M. D. Selby esq. This was competed for until about 1927 or 28, when the club wound up. The cup was won outright by R. A. Knapp.

GUN CLUB MEMBERS, POSSIBLY 1910
Back Row: L. Parkinson, ?, ?, ?, ?, S. Burken [Berkahn?], Ben Tuck, ?, ?, S. Moody
Back, Standing Side on: E. O. Roach, Ted Knapp
Front Row: J. McCleary, J. Rumble [Rumbal?], B. Rumble, A. Hansen, R. Douglas, ?, ?,

Page Sixteen

MILL AND ARGYLE CRICKET TEAM PLAYED LADIES, 1903 OR 1904
In this group are, back row: C. Tuck, E. Manson, E. O. Roach
Front Row: L. McKay, Abbot, Manson, Clark

LADIES CRICKET TEAM, 1903 OR 4, PLAYED MILL AND ARGYLE
Back Row: Bertha Knapp, Anna Knapp, Mary Simmons, – , – , Smeaton
Front Row: Mrs Glass, Mabel Scarret, Sarah Buchanan, Dot Knapp, – , Mabel Knapp, Margaret Buchanan

TIKOKINO MILL CRICKET TEAM, 1903-4
Back Row: J. E. Knapp, Bert Rumbal, Gardener, Bill Clark, Lew Finnimore, Manson, Mot Tuck, E. Manson
Front Row: Chris Hansen, -, Bill Finnimore, Ben Tuck

FOOTBALL TEAM 1906-1907
Back Row: A. Parkinson, A. Hudson, A. Matheson, D. Eddy, P. Eddy, Bob Ritchie, Ben Tuck
Middle Row: V. Parkinson, F. McCutchon [McCutcheon?], F. Manning, G. Moorcock
Front Row: E. Parkinson, McCulloch, – , G. Lennil, McDonald

THE AUSTIN FAMILY AND DESCENDANTS, 1910-12

TIKOKINO JUNIOR FOOTBALL CLUB, 1922 – GAMES PLAYED, 12; WON, 12
Back Row: D. Eddy (Selector), H. L. Parkinson, Thos. King, A. A. Wood, J. S. Richardson, A. T. J. Collins. A. A. Nicoll, C. Kirkpatrick (Vice-President)
Middle Row: W. S. King (Secretary and Delegate), E. K. Richardson, H. L. Dunn, R. R. King, G. Campbell (Captain), C. L. Browne, E. N. Grenside, V. A. Parkinson
Front Row: T. Butler, C. A. Parkinson

Page Nineteen

TIKOKINO SENIOR FOOTBALL TEAM, 1921
Back Row: C. Kirkpatrick (President), H. Foskett, J. H. Nicoll, E. K. Richardson, A. H. Petrowski, W. G. Petrowski, J. S. Richardson, S. I. Woods, E. Nielson (Vice-President)
Second Row: W. S. King (Secretary and Delegate), E. N. Grenside, C. Parkinson, R. R. King, C. Buckridge (Captain), G. Green, H. L. Parkinson, R. I. Parkinson
Front Row: A. Parkinson, T. King
Inset: G. Moorcock   Absent: C. Brown

SPORTS CLUB

The Sports Club was going very early in the century and about 1909 were held on the property of Mr. Fred Hardy, later purchased by Mathews Bros.

The chief attraction in those days were horse events and consisted of trotting races, medley races, scurry, tilting in the ring, flag race, etc. There was also a local mile race in the athletics and two top milers were the late Alick Campbell and Artie Parkinson, still going strong.

In the early 1900’s W. King was secretary before going overseas to the war and resumed again on his return.

In 1920 chopping was introduced to the programmes and became one of the major attractions. A sports meeting about 1921 started off with a debit balance of £17, tough going in those days. Later Vivian Barton, schoolteacher, was secretary and he did a lot to boost the club along.

In the face of strong opposition from the Domain Board, the club shifted their grounds to the Domain and remained there till the present ground was donated by Mr. R. Mathews as a memorial to his brother James. An early event in the chopping was a Maire chop, introduced by the late Captain Carlyon, who also donated the Maire blocks for this chop.

These facts were supplied to the Editor by Mr. A. Hutt, who joined the Sports Club in 1920 and has remained a committee member ever since, giving sterling service over the years and running the chopping. R. W. Mackie, also another committee member of long standing, is the farm manager who devotes much of his time to the job. H. V. Addis and G. Angus, also two committee members with many years of service to the club.

Page Twenty

LOCAL GOVERNMENT
WAIPAWA COUNTY COUNCIL

When Provincial Government, due principally to insecurity of financial resources, ground slowly to a stop, it was decided to replace it by a system of Counties based on the English model. In 1876 the orginal [original] County of Waipawa was formed, which extended from the Manawatu Gorge to Pukehou, from the mountains to the sea. It contained an area of 2000 square miles.

At some time in the late 1800’s, Patangata broke away and in 1908 the County of Waipawa was subdivided into Waipawa, Waipukurau, Dannevirke and Woodville. The County as at present constituted, has an area of 524 square miles and a gross population of over 4000 people.

The County Council consists of four ridings, with six members, two from Onga Onga, one from Takapau, one from Ashley Clinton and two from Argyll-Tikokino area.

After fifty years of endeavour, the County of Waipawa can look back on a record of progress and achievement which has paralleled the growth of Hawke’s Bay. Many residents of the Tikokino district have distinguished themselves and made history by serving as chairmen, namely Mr. J. Holden, 1922-23; Mr. McKay, 1911-22; and Mr. Jull, 1908-11.

TIKOKINO VOLUNTEER FIRE BRIGADE

The Tikokino Volunteer Fire Brigade was formed when a meeting of Waipawa Fire Brigade members, County Council members, and interested men from the village held a public meeting to see if there was sufficient interest to form a Brigade in the village.

The response was such that it was able to get underway almost at once. There was a meeting held and officers and firemen were clected [elected]. A team was picked to go to Waipawa each Sunday to train there with the Waipawa Brigade.

The village was canvassed for donations to build a fire station. The response was great and a station was built by members of the Tikokino Brigade in July, 1958.

The engine, a 5-ton Austin truck with two 400 gallon tanks of water, arrived in November, 1958. A Scammel pump was fitted to the machine ready for use. There were also hoses and uniforms too. A fire siren was fitted to the top of the building.

As time went on it was found necessary to get another pump, which they did, and also all sorts of equipment. With all that is there today there would be £2500 worth of equipment and building on the site.

RANDOM NOTES

In a conversation with Mr. Ralph Tuck, I learned that there were three tailors in Tikokino in the mill days, a bakery behind where V. S. Collins now lives and two blacksmith. One blacksmith had two forges and six men working.

A suit of clothes then cost £2/10/- and a good Waterbury watch 5/-.

About 70 cows were milked at Heavitree by the Tucks, the milk was set and skimmed and butter was made and sold for the princely reward of 4d. to 6d. per lb. Totara was 10/- per hundred for heart timber, Matai and Rimu, 5/6 to 6/6. Tucks finished milling at Tikokino in 1910.

From a diary kept by the late Mr. T. O’Rourke, who did contract work in the early 1900’s, some interesting figures were taken:
Ploughing 30 acres at 8/-   12. 0. 0
Discing 30 acres at 2/6   3. 15. 0
Drilling 30 acres at 2/6   3. 15. 0
Harrowing 30 acres at 1/-   1. 10. 0
Skimming 2 acres at 7/6   0. 15. 0
Sowing 24 acres in grass at 2/-   2. 8. 0
And all with horses.

Cutting 16 acres oats at Holdens at 8/- per acre in 1905.

The Editor.

Page Twenty-one

THIS PHOTOGRAPH OF THE SCHOOL AND PUPILS PRESENTED TO LIZZIE AUSTIN, NOVEMBER 10th, 1885
J. Doar, Head Teacher

THE SCHOOL IN EARLY YEARS

I wrote to the Archives Web for information about the school at Tikokino. Hampden it was called.

In December 1865, the Inspector of schools in Hawke’s Bay, Mr. Green, reported that a new schoolhouse at Hampden would shortly be built. At that time there were about 15 scholars under Mr. Hudson, the school- master, who resigned in June, 1866, “in consequence of certain disputes and differences having arisen between the trustees and myself . . . ”

He was followed by Mr. Patterson, who left in November 1867. During his term, the attendance dropped to 10. He was followed by Mr. John Jauncy Buchanan. In a letter to the Inspector:

“In answer to your request that I should let you know how I got on after my arrival at Hampden. In the first place, I beg to inform you that I find that all the land belonging to this school, except about one sixteenth, is planted with potatoes and barley which crop has been sold by the late master, Mr. Patterson to Dr. Todd of Waipawa for the sum of £5. In the next place I find only about half a dozen books belonging to the school,

There are no maps, slates, copy books or other material for the use of the school, nor do I know how I am to get them. I spoke to Mr. Tanner on the subject of having a stock on hand for supplying the scholars at their own cost, he agreed with me it was necessary and asked me to furnish him or one of the trustees with a list of what was required.

I have 10 scholars just now and expect more after the New Year. I had some difficulty in getting any to come before the holidays as the parents are very busy now…”

The Inspector wrote, in 1876: “This school increased in number and advanced in learning under its present master, who only entered on his duties in November last. Under its former master the school made but slow progress and fell off in number. He, however, resigned in September 1875.

The scholars are at present cramped for room but a larger building is very nearly ready. The new master was A. McLeod and a report in 1876 gives a roll of 15 boys and 20 girls.”

Note: The school opened in June 1866 was now too small.

In 1879 S. W. Hardy was master with Miss A. Glass as assistant. A residence had been built for the teacher. Average roll, 41-43. 1880, Mr. Hardy was assisted by A. Glass. 1881-82, S. W. Hardy and Annie Inglis. A good Inspector’s report. In 1883, Mrs. Jane Doar took Mr. Hardy’s place. The roll now reached 54 and in the following year 62, and in 1885, 70. Mrs. Doar got a very satisfactory report. Napier and Gisborne were the only better schools. Mrs. Doar remained in charge till 1888. During her term a girl won Captain Russell’s first prize for sewing and another girl second prize. First prize was a sewing machine. Open to all Hawke’s Bay schools. She was one of the best teachers the school ever had. She was followed by William Adams, Nils Friberg, Annie Friberg, and William Taylor in 1895. In 1896, F. C. Faram, Mary Vesty, the Inspector reported: “It must be pointed out that the building grounds and arrangements generally at Hampden are everything to be desired.”

Mr. Faram was evidently a very good teacher. He remained till December 1910, 15 years. Other long term teachers were V. Parsons, 5 years 6 months; V. Barton, 7 years 9 months; E. Friberg, 3 years; C. A. Eves, 5 years 9 months.

THE SCHOOL

In December 1865, the Inspector of Schools reported that a new schoolhouse at Hampden would shortly be commenced. There were 15 pupils under Mr. Hudson.

Mr. Hudson had made some scathing remarks about the pupils which mortally offended their mothers. His remarks were never published but resulted in a public meeting being called to demand his removal. Mr. St. Clair Inglis of Springhill was asked to attend and take the chair. Mr. Thomas Tanner, Member of Parliament, was asked to attend, probably as referee! Most of the men could not leave their work. As the meeting was certain to be “stormy”, Mr. Inglis found some very urgent business which made his attendance impossible. Mr. Tanner took the chair. The “H.B. Herald” reporter was discreet. The upshot of the meeting was that Mr. Hudson was obliged to resign. From a later paper I learned that Mr. Hudson was a teacher in a school at Napier.

The school committee had that evergreen complaint to contend with Mrs. “Jones” complained that “our Jock” did not get the personal attention from his teacher which his natural ability deserved. There never was a school without a “Mrs. Jones” and her rather dull offspring!

On July 4th, 1904, there was a very heavy fall of snow.

On the 9th of the same month there was a very severe earthquake. This ’quake was very severe in Southern Hawke’s Bay, where hundreds of chimneys lost their tops. At Hampden the teacher carried on lessons outside the school for the rest of the day. I remember that earthquake very clearly. Actually, it was the heaviest ‘quake between that of 1863 and 1931.

There was also a very heavy snowstorm on June 26th, 1919. Snow eight inches deep lay on the ground for several days.

HAMPDEN SCHOOL CHILDREN, NOVEMBER 11th, 1902

LIST OF SCHOOL INSPECTORS TO 1914

H. B. Sealy began March 1861
Henry W. Goodwin began June 1866
Edward Green began February 1867
William Colenso began July 1872
Henry Hill began June 1878

Mr. Hill retired in December 1915. He was granted a year’s leave on full pay in recognition of his long and faithful service. During Mr. Hill’s later term he had assistant inspectors Mr. Strachan, Mr. Bird, and J. N. Smith.

Mr. Hill was a keen student of geology and wrote many papers to scientific journals. He bought land at Taupo and prophesised [prophesied] a great future. Time has proved he was correct. During his visit to Britain he wrote many interesting newspaper articles giving his impressions of life as he saw it in his travels. He had a very observant eye and a great memory. As he rode or drove along he studied the landscape and the rocks in cliffs or creeks and built up in his mind the geological story of the locality. Many today will remember his “Good morning, children”, as he entered the school door. (A curious thing I have noticed in my reading of old records is that a school was almost invariably described as a “school-house”’.)

Mr. HENRY HILL

Mr. Hill, B.A., came from Christchurch to Napier as Inspector of Schools in 1879, just when schools were taken over by the general government under the Education Act of 1878.

Mr. Hill was a tireless worker. I have before me as I write his report to the Education Board for the year 1884.

In a long folding table all the schools in Hawke’s Bay are dealt with in columns under 30 headings. The printed report runs to 45 pages foolscap size. He managed to visit all the schools between Gisborne and Woodville at least twice yearly. The Hampden School Log was opened by Mrs. Jane Doar in March 1886.

Mr. Hill’s visit was in May of that year, though he must have reported on the school many times before that. He inspected the school June 2nd, 1915, when it was under Mr. Eves and three lady teachers. This was the last time Mr. H. Hill’s bold signature appears in the log. He had assistant inspectors from about 1906.

Mr. Hill could be very outspoken and he must have found it extremely difficult to be polite to some of the teachers at Hampden.

In the “H.B. Herald” of June 19th, 1866, appeared a rather facetious account of a Ball to celebrate the opening of the new school at Hampden. Some fun was poked at the gentlemen of the Post and Rail business – timber splitters, who were present. There being insufficient gentlemen present to provide partners for the ladies, a message was despatched to the stockade at Ruataniwha for reinforcements. The charge at the door was 10/- for gentlemen. Wine, lollies and biscuits were served durings [during] intervals. The men probably had something stronger than wine. Dancing was kept up till daylight. No mention was made of music.

HAMPDEN SCHOOL CHILDREN ABOUT 1904
Teachers: Mr Faram, Mr. M. Quigley, Miss Stewart

Page Twenty-four

NAMES OF PUPILS, 1916
Back Row: Teacher Miss Cooper, Grace Ellmers, Dot Campbell, Gladys Collins, Eva Simmons, Isoline King, Mabel Green, Eileen Collins, Maud Summersby, Ada Ellmers, Kathleen Roach, Albert Rumbal, Charlie Beere, Richard Beere, Ernest Foulds, Terence McKitterick [McKittrick], Cecil Verran
Second Row: Head Teacher Mr. Eves, Nita Wood, Vera Visty [Vesty], Hazil Wood, Ina Simmons, Florence Rumbal, Emma Knapp. Grace Collins. Peggy Richardson, Mavis Walker, Nora Butler, Elsie Foulds, Laurie Butler, Makuna Richardson, Elsie Summersby, Myrtle Ellmers
Third Row: Jim Richardson, Donald Richardson, Horace Roach, Russell Visty, Ester Ellmers, Daphne Wood, Rachel Knapp, Hazel Moorhead, Joy Eves, Mary Foulds, Nonie Roach, Gladys Hardy, Una Visty, Muriel Rumbal, Edna Visty, Marjorie Knapp, Eric Hardy
Fourth Row: Fred Collins, Toby Pedersen, Norman Moorcock, Ernie Wood, Bill Collins, Norman Green, Bob Foulds, Vic Parkinson, Dalton Hardy, Oriel Hawkes, Richard Green, Ross Roach, Trevor Hardy, Arthur Verran, Lance Hawkes, Leicester Moorhead, Ernie Ingram

THE LOG

I waded through the log over a period of more than 40 years – a tiring task. The impression that remains is that there was a great deal of sickness, measles, mumps, chicken pox and common colds, amongst the children. Strange to say, “absent through illness” amongst the teachers was a very frequent entry in the log. Situated as it is on a level area of dry soil and free from fogs and exposed to mountain breezes, Tikokino should be and probably is, a very healthy district. Dr. Todd of Waipawa paid regular and to parents and teachers, very irksome visits to the school to vaccinate children. Older people will remember the official notice that parents received, warning them that failure to present their child will incur prosecution. Lots of people still carry vaccination scars.

The children were, in later years, treated to a picnic at the “Brow” bridge. This would be a memorable day.

On December 9th, 1897, the children were treated to an excursion by train to Napier. They left Tikokino at 7 a.m. in thirteen horse-drawn vehicles. They were treated at Waipawa to refreshment and left soon after 9 o’clock. They arrived at Napier at 1.45. They had a very busy day. Garrison Band played for one hour. “Return home to hotel and put them to bed”. They visited the cathedral, botanical gardens and the harbour. Rose at 5 a.m. and to the beach. During the second day they were driven as far as Petane (now Bay View) and to the H.B. Farmers wool store to [too]. They left Napier about 3 p.m., arrived at Waipawa and marched to the repository (stables), had refreshments, and got back to the school at 8 p.m. They would never forget that excursion!

The writer of these notes went to Napier with a school excursion in February 1893. We were put off the train at Ellison crossing and walked along the water’s edge as far as the Band Rotunda. That long walk on the sand was fatiguing to the last degree – I’ve

been tired ever since! There were several large notices warning bathers that they must wear “neck to knee costumes”. White costumes were “‘verboten”’. (Bathers still wear costumes somewhere between the neck and knee – a long way up from the knee and down from the neck.)

There was a long succession of teachers who filled in the daily log. Some stayed less than a month and others for years.

One teacher made an unkind comment about his predecessor. A later teacher had pencilled in the margin “Don’t throw stones!”

One teacher administered punishment for truancy, four strokes of the cane over that boy’s other end. That boy’s mother’s protestation deafened the committee at its next meeting. “A degrading punishment.”

A long succession of “good men and true” took their seats on the School Committee, where they dealt with many complaints, both from teachers and parents. Most of them have

Photo captions –

THE OLD SCHOOL

TIKOKINO SCHOOLCHILDREN, EARLY 1920’s
Teachers: Miss Ridgeway, Miss Monahan
Back Row: Vesty, Neilson, H. Magnussen, L. Tuck, Roach, Carswell, N. Moorcock, H. Campbell, K. Kirkpatrick, D. Butler, F. Collins, L. Hawkes, D. Green
Second Row: Smith, E. Moorcock, Woods, K. Butler, C. Elmers, M. Rumbal, – , H. Moorhead, E. Waite, M. Morrison, M. McKenzie, Parkes, J. Richardson
Third Row: Smith, E. Green, N. Morrison, J. Hallisey, Elmers, S. Summersby, Hutchison, M. Knapp, R. Knapp, B. Pawson, V. Vesty, S. Morrison, L. Peterson
Front Row: B. Collins, Foulds, C. Kirkpatrick, Hutchison, D. Richardson, R. Simmons, T. Woods, I. Campbell, S. Peterson, N. Knapp

long since gone to that place “where the wicked cease from troubling”.

In February 1921, the Roll reached 116, the highest in the old log. From the log I note that Mr Matthews, an active member of the school committee, died June 16th 1902.

Photo captions –

PRIMERS TO STD 2, TIKOKINO SCHOOL, 1937

STDS. 3 TO 6, TIKOKINO SCHOOL, 1937
Head Teacher: Mr. Jackson

TIKOKINO SCHOOLCHILDREN, 1931
Head Teacher: V. Barton

TIKOKINO SCHOOL CHILDREN, 1955

TIKOKINO SCHOOLCHILDREN OUTSIDE NEW SCHOOL, 1958
Teachers: I. J. Abbot, Head Teacher: Miss Hall

1921-1930 GROUP, TIKOKINO SCHOOL JUBILEE
Back Row: W. Goodall, R. Vesty, W. Summersby, D. Goodall, A. Moorcock, J. Elmers, V. Collins, P. Boyle, S. Rumbal, O. Rumbal, B. Simmons, H. Addis, C. Kirkpatrick, A. Summersby
Middle Row: R. Pederson [Pedersen?], K. Goodall, D. Magnassen [Magnussen], J. Goodall, R. Magnassen, V. Rumbal, A. Taylor, M. Simmons, R. Petrowski, V. Verran, N. Watham, T. Vesty, O. Moorcock, M. Verran, L. Moorcock, G. Moorcock, A. Jones, M. Waite, R. Addis
Front Row: M. Morrison, I. Parkinson, T. Sullivan. J. Sullivan, B. Goodall, B. Verran, I. White, M. Richardson, G. Campbell, D. Ellmers, I. Ellmers, B. Ellmers, J. Peterson, L. Simmons, N. Moorcock, N. Morrison

1931-1940 GROUP, TIKOKINO SCHOOL JUBILEE, 1957 [1966]
Back Row: Bill Patterson, Keith Addis, Neil Verran, Keith Goodall, John Verran, Pat O’Rourke, Cyril West, Neil McMahon, Murray Richardson, Oliver Pedersen, Bill Ingram, Blue Parkinson
Middle Row: Mona Parkinson (Mrs. Turfrey), John V. McMahon (teacher), Alec McLaughlin, Don Maulder, Margret [Margaret] Large, (Mrs. J. Parkinson), – Moorcock, Viv Moorcock, Colin Richardson, Bill Large, Ike Parkinson, Noel Parkinson, Lewis Parkinson, Jack Parkinson, Muriel Vodanivitch [Vodanovic?]
Front Row: Shirley McKay (Mrs. K. Addis), Betty Jackson, Pat Booth, Joan Beattie (Mrs. D. Farquhar), Jean Tuck (Mrs. R. Berkahn), Molly Nielson (Mrs. S. Heyward), Katherine O’Rourke (Mrs. K. Crook), Betty Pedersen (Mrs. H. Booker), Adle Bullock (Mrs. G. Truuts), Vilma Bullock (Mrs. H. Strang), Noeline Vesty, Norrel [Noral] Brassington, Una Addis (Mrs. F. Sharpley), Joan McMahon

Page Twenty-nine

EXTRACTS FROM LOG BOOK

Measurements of Hampden (Tikokino School) 1886
Length of School   31 ft. 4 in.
Breadth of School   18 ft.
Length of Classroom   29 ft. 4 in.
Breadth of Classroom   14 ft. 4 in.
72 pupils in this room at times

October, 18 -. Public meeting of Committee and Householders to investigate charge laid by Mr. – against teacher. Stated charge: B   – N   – been beaten by   – during absence of Head Teacher on Friday, October 29. Proved: That B   -N   – had not been beaten and that   – was not in the room at time specified in charge. Committee decided to “dismiss charge for want of evidence”. Decision received with cheers. In future school (with Committee approval) to close during any absence on Head Teacher’s part.

March, 18 -. Head Teacher very sick, caused by eating poisonous mushrooms. School closed for fortnight by order of Committee.

May 4th, 18 -. Head Teacher taken seriously ill in class. School closed by order of Committee.

May 28th, 18 -. School resumed with 72 children. (One teacher and one pupil teacher.)

July 13th, 18 -. Head Teacher went after two truants and brought them to school.

July 19th, 18 -. Reproved Pupil Teacher for not using “slate” drill.

July 26th, 18 -. Lessons interrupted several times through “noise” in Infant School. When spoken to by Head Teacher the Pupil Teacher answered back insolently and defiantly. Head Teacher reported Pupil Teacher to Committee for insubordination.

July 27th, 18 -. Pupil Teacher absent from duties today.

July 30th, 18 -. Committee met to investigate charge of “insubordination” laid by Head Teacher against Pupil Teacher.

July 31st, 18 -. Pupil Teacher returned to duties. Worked well and kept his class in good order.

February, 18 -. Commenced duties as Headmaster of Hampden District School in succession to – (resigned) and learned children had only done half of the year’s work. (Comment in margin) “Don’t throw stones, etc.”

March, 18 -. Infringed upon time for Recreation by giving upper school their “first” lesson in drill. Children seemed delighted by it!

April, 18 -. Many boys came late today on account of shooting season which commences today.

July, 18 -. Received the following communication from Committee. “I am instructed to inform you that parents object to their children being kept in so long after the regular hours, more especially since home lessons are rather lengthy. The Committee does not altogether disapprove but outsiders are beginning to grumble.”

February 13th, 18 -. School Committee meeting this evening. Gate ???? at top of playground. Extension of school hours from 3 to 3.30 refused. Application for Inspector’s Report. No notice taken of.

February 19th, 18 -. School closed pending investigation by board.

February 21st, 18 -. Resigned duties as Headmaster.

July 18th, 18 -. Notice received from Std. IV children that their parents do not wish them to learn history. November, 189 -. Notice received from – Esq. that he does not wish his son – to learn history.

November, 189 -. Miss C -‘s (Pupil Teacher) father came and we had a serious talk about Miss C   -. She wept copiously and was excused from school.

December 6th, 189 -. Very stormy Committee meeting.

August 31st, 189 -. Special Committee meeting at which it was decided “that in the interests of school the teacher and Pupil Teacher be asked to resign”.

January, 189 -. Opened school after vacation. Miss – and myself were engaged in putting things right. No timetable being left by previous master I was unable to follow any special time.

November, 189 -. Bush fires have been raging since Friday and settlers have had some difficulty in saving their houses from destruction. Some welcome rain fell on Sunday and lessened the risk.

Page Thirty

November, 189 -. Punished three boys for failing to be at school after 11 o’clock. All, with the exception of two or three parties, attend very well. I am sorry to say that some of the Committee members are very irregular, which should hardly be.

February, 189 -. The bush fires have greatly unsettled matters generally.

August, 189 -. Punished L. R – for cutting buttons off two overcoats. G. – and W. G – punished for playing truant on Friday.

August, 189 -. Committee met last Saturday night. Mr. – waited on committee to see why his son had not passed and explained it was through inefficiancy [inefficiency].

November, 189 -. Great enjoyment is being obtained by children from the game of croquet.

March 3rd, 189 -. During my absence, 10.30-11.15, Walter – walked over desks, for which I administered a severe thrashing. Two boys, Bruce – and Harold -, were punished for smoking cherry leaves.

May, 18 -. Boys played Onga Onga School at football on the Onga cricket grounds and defeated them 37 points to nil.

October, 18 -. At the school committee last Saturday it was decided that Neil – was not fit to come to school he being apparently beyond the control of his parents.

November 6th, 18 -. Committee decided to notify all parents to send children more regularly.

February, 19 -. Asked children to bring 1d. each toward Transvaal Relief Fund. Without exception children brought money with the result that 11/3 was collected. I punished five boys today for having eaten stolen fruit from Mrs. ——’s.

April, 19 -. Spoke to Miss – re caning infants. I instructed her not to do so as they would become callous to it. Caned F – for using bad language.

April, 19 -. Received note from Mrs. —— complaining about children’s heads. Spoke to children about same. May, 19-. Received word Mafeking was relieved. Children paraded about with their flags and much joy was evinced as the result.

July, 19 -. Rev. spoke to me in reference to holding Religious Instruction in school. I informed him that I had no objection but seeing there was a Sunday School carried on under interdenominational principles. I did not think it necessary for instruction to be given in school.

October, 19 -. In caning R – today she became faint, this I attributed to the heat of the room and not to the amount of punishment administered by the mistress as two other children were ill today owing to the closeness of the room.

December 1st, 19 -. School Committee met this morning when I wrote to inform them of their neglect to do their duty also stating that in many cases they were too indolent to carry out their own resolutions and hoping they would see to this as it was detrimental to the working of the school.

December 4th, 19 -. Committee informed me they were sorry that they had not helped as they should have done and also moved in minutes recording same.

December 13th. Miss S – informed me that C – and L – were both using language unbecoming to anyone. I spoke to these girls before the whole school and shall not give them their prizes.

February, 19 -. Head Teacher absent today suffering from La Grippe.

September, 1903. Mr. C – on the kind suggestion of Mr. G -, brought his motor car down to school for the children to see.

July 11th, 19 -. Punished L. S – for telling his parents an untruth evidently with the intention of causing friction.

July 17, 19 -. Mrs. S – sent word that her two boys would be leaving as they were required at home to do work.

March, 1904. Two S – boys dug plots of potatoes set in the spring. The results were a contrast for the manured sets produced 7 lbs. while the unmanured 3 lbs. The whole we embodied in a lesson and the class have thus had practically demonstrated the value of scientific as opposed to unscientific farming.

March 19 -. The mistress this morning sent R – to me for being late but the boy went home. I sent for him but Mrs. – did not send him.

Page Thirty-one

July, 19 -. Today I received a letter from Mrs. – stating that owing to the ill treatment her girls received at the hands of the E – boys she would be compelled to keep them at home and asking me to explain to the magistrate if I had to summons her, why she acted so.

July, 19 -. Sent Mr. and Mrs, E – notice that they must withdraw – as I considered it necessary in the interests of the other scholars.

July, 19 -. Mr. E – sent letter asking the real reason why I had asked him to withdraw the boy, but as I had already given reason I did not condescend to reply.

June, 19 -. Wrote to Mrs. – suggesting different way of cleaning school as present way gave it a dirty appearance.

August, 19 -. A deputation of the Committee waited on me to see if it was possible to hold a school concert as funds were low. I informed deputation that teachers were here to teach scholars, not for the purpose of raising funds for cleaning of school, etc., and that they should look to the quarter from which funds came.

October, 19 -. Constable F -, from Onga Onga, called today on a complaint made by Miss -. I would not allow the Constable to accuse the whole school, as it is Miss -’s way of overcoming trivialities by appealing to the arm of the law. I pointed this out to the Constable who agreed with me.

December 11th, 19 -. A large macrocarpa tree, 1 foot in diameter, was blown down by gale on Saturday evening, breaking off the chimney on the master’s washhouse. These trees should have been topped long ago. (See entry, May 8th.)

February 5th, 19 -. The tree has not yet been cleared off washhouse.

April, 19 -. Washhouse chimney not yet repaired. Board decline with regret to top trees round teacher’s residence.

November, 19 -. A special meeting of the Committee convened to enquire into a complaint that Headmaster had been forcing children to taste manure in school. The circular from Board’s Agricultural Instructor was read  to Committee, showing that the master had only obeyed directions and that the said manures were not objectionable, no force had been used and the tasting had been done outside. The master was exonerated.

February 27th, 1913. Mr. J. Buchanan, J.P., the first master of the Hampden School, having passed away early this morning, the flag was flown at half-mast.

July 19th, 19 -. Over 120 children and adults were vaccinated here today by Doctors Deck and South, smallpox having broken out in several districts in the North Island.

December 10th, 1914. A terrific gale did a deal of damage to trees and newly sown crops. Three German cruisers sank near Falkland Islands.

April 2nd, 1915. A little lad, Albert -, 6 1/2 years, who had been at school eight months, was buried today. He died of typhoid, the water supply owing to drought being responsible.

September 1st, 1915. Motor bus started to run.

February 3rd, 1931. The Great Earthquake. No child or member of staff hurt. All chimneys down, small leaks in tanks and in septic tank system, asphalt damaged. Roofing iron injured in several places.

February 4th, 5th and 6th, 1931. Carried on at school, but as there were numerous minor shakes the children were unnerved and little work was done.

February 9th. Attendance returning to normal and children less nervy. Earthquake drill carried out regularly in all rooms.

April 16th, 19 -. Mrs. C – (Infant Mistress) absent today – tossed from horse yesterday and suffering slight concussion.

November 12th, 1958. Official opening of new school building by Mr. W. Smith, Chairman of H.B. Education Board.

November 27th, 1958. Visit of 46 pupils of Waterloo School, Lower Hutt, accompanied by teachers.

December 18th, 1958. Break-up Ceremony and Annual Parents’ Day held at 11 a.m. and attended by the Hon. Minister of Education, Mr. P. O. S. Skoglund

Page Thirty-two

HONOURS BOARD

GWEN WAITE   1922
R. GREEN 1923
J. NIELSON 1924
EUNICE WAITE   1925
MARY ADDIS   1926
JOYCE WHITE   1927
STAN RUMBAL   1928
O. H. ROACH 1929
H. V. ADDIS 1930
R. E. BARTON 1931
LILLIAN ADDIS   1932
A. E. PERFECT 1933
O. RUMBAL 1934
VALMAI ROOD   1935
D. GOODWIN 1936
J. VERRAN 1937
E. A. WOOD 1938
R. O. ROURKE 1939
UNA ADDIS   1940
G. THORPE 1941
MOLLIE NIELSON   1942
JEAN TUCK   1943
W. INGRAM 1944
IRENE ARTHUR   1945
MARGARET LARGE   1946
NOLA JOLL   1947
IAN JOLL   1948
N. EAGLE 1949
J. BULLOCK 1950
C. HOOPER 1951
O. THOMSEN 1952
J. PETROWSKI 1953
K. SANDBROOK 1954
R. CRAWLEY 1958
M. GUNNELL 1965

Page Thirty-three

TEACHING STAFF – TIKOKINO SCHOOL

1886 – 1996

Nov. 1886 – Feb. 1889   Jane Doar  H.T.
Feb. 1889 – Feb. 1890   W. M. Adams   H.T.
Mar. 1890   F. Faram   R.H.T.
Apr. 1890 – Feb. 1891   N. Friberg   H.T.
Mar. 1891 – Jun. 1894   Anna Friberg   H.T.
Jun. 1894 – Dec. 1895   W. R. Taylor   H.T.
Jan. 1896 – Dec 1910   F. C. Faram   H.T.
Feb. 1911 – Apr. 1911   F. Nichol   R.H.T.
May 1911 – Feb. 1917   C. A. Eves   H.T.
Mar. 1917 – Apr. 1917   D. Adamson   R.H.T.
Apr. 1917 – Jun. 1919   E. J. Newlands   H.T.
Jul. 1919 – Dec. 1923   V. Parsons   H.T.
Feb. 1924 – Mar. 1924   J. C. Riley   R.H.T.
Apr. 1924 – Dec. 1931   V. Barton   H.T.
Feb. 1932 – May 1932   A. R. Milne   R.H.T.
May 1932 – Sept. 1934   J. C. Hall   H.T,
Oct. 1934 – Dec. 1934    T. K. Cockerill   R.H.T.
Feb. 1935     T. B. Jackson   H.T.
1939 – 1940    C. J. Bishop   H.T.
1940 – 1943    J. V. McMahon   H.T.
1944 – 1947    C. L. Arthur   H.T.
Mar. 1948 – Dec. 1948    M. J. Robertson   H.T.
1949    G. R. Turner   H.T.
1950 – 1953    W. H. Blaikie   H.T.
1954
1955 – 1958    I. J. Mackie   H.T.
1958    A. W. Abbott   R.H.T.
Feb. 1959 – Dec. 1964    T. W. Hume   H.T.
Feb. 1965    M. A. Codyre   H.T.

ASSISTANTS

1939 – 1940   L. E. Scott
1941 – 1946   C. Muir
1946   J. M. Douglas
1947   K. H. Hubbard
1948   E. M. Gardiner
1950 – 1955   M. N. Boyce
1950   MacKinnon
1950   W. Panckhurst
1952   N. Green
1953   N. Thomsen
1954 – 1956   I. D. Omundsen
1954   J. McLeod
1954   V. A. Elgar
1955   M. F. Lane
1956   J. Hamilton
1957 – 1959   P. D. Matson
1957 – 1958   L. R. Beer
1957 – 1958   M. W. Hall
1958   C. M. Sandbrook
1958 – 1959   A. M. Dwight
1960   M. W. Hall
1960   N. M. Hart
1960   A. T. Drillien
1961   S. F. Morton
1962   W. E. Power
1963   J. M. Galbraith
1963   R. Parker
1963   Bartlett
1963 – 1965   W. E. Power
1964   K. Masters
1964   M. J. Drillien
1965   C. E. Martin
1965   M. M. Samuels
1966   M. M. Cowan
1966   O. J. Bryant
1966   T. V. Bryant

Page Thirty -Four

THE NEW SCHOOL 1966

PRESENT PUPILS, 1966

In Memoriam

Many of the past pupils and teachers of the school served in the armed forces overseas to protect our shores and assist in the fight for freedom. Many did not return, and it has not been possible to compile a complete roll. This is a memoriam for all who made the complete sacrifice in the 1914-18 and 1939-45 wars.

They shall not grow old,
as we that are left grow old.
Age shall not weary them,
nor the years condemn.
At the going down of the sun
and in the morning
We will remember them.

– Lawrence Binyon

Back Cover: Aerial View, Tikokino, August 16th, 1951, after heaviest fall of snow for many years

PRINTED BY SWAILES, HURST & CO. LTD., NAPIER