Reconstruction of Hawke’s Bay, The, 1931

The Dominion
surveys
The Reconstruction
of
HAWKE’S BAY

SUPPLEMENT TO “THE DOMINION,” TUESDAY, JUNE 30, 1931.

2   SPECIAL HAWKE’S BAY NUMBER.  The Dominion

NAPIER INDUSTRIES

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HAWKE’S BAY’S LEADING BUILDERS and CONTRACTORS.
Building conducted in any part of the District.  All Branches of reconditioning Work undertaken.  Shop and Office Fittings our Speciality.
Our Work Stood the Test.
Depicted above is the NAPIER POST OFFICE, which was gutted by fire after it had stood up to the Earthquake, and which will shortly be restored.
Other notable buildings erected by us and which suffered little or no damage through the Earthquake were – PEACH’S GARAGE and the new NAPIER TECHNICAL SCHOOL.
WE ARE ONE OF THE OLDEST ESTABLISHED BUILDING CONTRACTORS IN HAWKE’S BAY.
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And Also at
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PHONE 126.

The Dominion   SPECIAL HAWKE’S BAY NUMBER.   3

Planning a Greater Hawke’s Bay

THE FIGHTING SPIRIT OF HAWKE’S BAY

Mr. H. M. Campbell’s Confidence

SMILING, PROSPEROUS DAYS AHEAD

The spirit of Hawke’s Bay is well exemplified by the views voiced by its member in the House of Representatives, Mr. H. M. Campbell. When seen by a “Dominion representative, Mr. Campbell, who has been one of the busiest units of a community which for many weeks has been working overtime to surmount its troubles, could still find consolation in many things, and good cheer and hope in many more.

“In a district such as Hawke’s Bay,” he remarked, “when one takes the risk of making suggestions as to what the future holds in store for us, the first thing that occurs to any thoughtful individual is the wonderful luck the district has had in the past, through the remarkably fine type of people who settled it in the very early days.

“When we look back at the end of the fifties and all through the sixties we realise the difficulties that the early settlers had to put up with in their struggles with Nature, without roads, without railways and with the ever-present danger of the Natives. Yet, in spite of these difficulties those people have turned Hawke’s Bay into probably the finest province in the whole of New Zealand. They went to endless trouble in planting and beautifying the country. Any spare money they had was invested in English seeds to get good pastures. Then a great deal more was spent in improving the breeds of stock by getting the best blood procurable form the Old Lands.

“These people realised what a great district Hawke’s Bay was going to become, and their vision has proved perfectly correct, although it has passed through a very disastrous season from an agricultural and pastoral point of view, also a very disastrous season from a fruit-growing standpoint, finally being completely knocked out on February 3. In spite of this we see almost all businesses re-established today, not only re-established, but going well. Our settlers are getting their fences and buildings in repair also, and in my opinion everything now is suggestive of prosperous times ahead.

“Formerly Hawke’s Bay was entirely a sheep and beef-breed of cattle growing district. Later years have seen a certain amount of dairying done, but this will never be a very big item on account of the periodical dry spells. But what will be a very big thing in this district is the fruit growing proposition. It has come in comparatively lately; very heavy crops per acre of either apples or pears can be grown on these fertile lands, and the fruit always seems to meet a ready response in the English markets.

“February 3 last was a disastrous day to Hawke’s Bay’s towns, as well as to farmers. Nearly every business in the either of the two principal towns, Napier and Hastings, was destroyed or very seriously damaged, yet within about 14 days most of the businesses had made a start of some sort. In Napier, where the blow was hardest, owing to the destructive fire, things moved slowly at first, but all or nearly all are carrying on now.

“In Hastings, the people, as soon as they had time to pick themselves up, got straight to work, either in iron sheds or small wooden buildings, and quickly had their respective businesses under way; in fact it was almost at once a case of business as usual. Losses and troubles were faced courageously, and no grousing; just a good solid British determination to be up and doing, every mind being set on the re-establishment of both their own trade and their town.

“Now, just let me say in conclusion that when we look back and think of the hardships and the struggles that our pioneer settlers here went through, is it feasible for one moment to suggest that the present generation will not stand up to the difficulties that they are finding to-day? Not for a moment can such a thought be entertained. The fighting spirit is still with us. In the very near future Hawke’s Bay will be the smiling, prosperous province that it has been in the past.”

A CONFIDENT AND ENTERPRISING COMMUNITY

Government Aid Totally Inadequate

DISASTER A NATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

Out of a clear blue sky on the morning of February 3, 1931, sunny, fertile and prosperous Hawke’s Bay was awakened from its serenity by a disaster unparalleled in the records of New Zealand. Flourishing industries and beautiful homes in a smiling countryside were laid low as fire vied with earthquake in spreading the work of destruction.  But such is the courage and enterprise of Hawke’s Bay people that organisations to meet an unprecedented problem were in operation before the bigger earthquakes had ceased. Long before the last tremors died away the work of temporary rebuilding had commenced and people proudly announced that business was proceeding as usual.

To-day, five months later, the people of the earthquake zone are carrying on in temporary structures of every conceivable type. The wheels of business are turning as usual, and to the visitor the scene is one of enterprise amid the ruins. But underlying the outward appearance of the partial recovery is a feeling of dread uncertainty as to what the immediate future holds. In a great many cases, retailers, merchants, manufacturers and tradesman are carrying on from day to day awaiting the decision of the various organisations empowered to aid them in the difficult task of rehabilitation. Pre-earthquake liabilities, in addition to those caused by the disaster, have been laid aside for the moment, but, like the oft-quoted sword of Damocles, they hover threateningly over the heads of many.

Immediately following the disaster, an assurance was given by the Government that the matter would be treated as a national problem, and Hawke’s Bay was led to believe that a full measure of assistance would be forthcoming. The extent of Government assistance so far promised, however, amounting to ₤1,500,000, ₤250,000 of which is earmarked for Public Works, is totally inadequate to meet the needs of Hawke’s Bay. As is shown elsewhere in this issue, the total losses sustained are at present unknown, but it is generally conceded that they will exceed ₤5,000,000.

The funds made available to the Rehabilitation Committee will not permit it to rehabilitate to any appreciable degree. In fact, in appears that unless the Government is prepare to do its duty by Hawke’s Bay, and at least double the amount allocated for rehabilitation, many of the most deserving business people of the earthquake area will have no alternative but to seek the protection of the Bankruptcy Court. Should such a step become necessary, the effect on Hawke’s Bay – and indeed on New Zealand generally – will be serious indeed.

The people of Hawke’s Bay have proved their sterling qualities in the face of New Zealand’s greatest tragedy; they have helped themselves as far as is humanly possible with the funds at their disposal, and have clearly indicated their right to national assistance on a scale that will enable them to overcome their difficulties. There is no desire for complete rehabilitation – their has never been any question of it. Only such assistance as will enable the people to adjust their liabilities, and rebuild again on a modest scale has been asked for. In this issue “The Dominion” surveys the whole question that the original public may fully appreciate the problems confronting an important and honoured section of our people.

SELF-RELIANT PEOPLE

Looking Ahead

ASSISTANCE NEEDED

“The minds of the people of Napier since the catastrophe of February 3 have passed through three phases. The first feeling was one of stupefaction and horror, rather than of fear; this was followed by despair as people had time to think a little over the heavy losses they had suffered; finally, as they got busy cleaning up their homes and properties and settling themselves in new, if cheap and rather poky shops, their native energy and self-reliance came to the fore, and these qualities have continued up to the present time.” Thus Mr. W. E. Barnard, M.P. prefaced his remarks when discussing the rehabilitation of Napier.

“Napier was stricken more severely than any other populous portion of the earthquake area,” he said, “and the away in which the citizens have roused themselves and bravely faced the huge tasks which the earthquake plus the fire have presented is wholly commendable. The suggestion that Napier will not recover from the blow, that it will be a place of less importance than before, receives no support whatever from the citizens. On every side one finds clear evidence of confidence in the future of the town, and indeed there is much to inspire and justify that confidence. The bed of our harbours (inner and outer) was raised, but this has in no way affected the capacity of Napier as a port.

“The upheaval of February 3 has disclosed a fine sandy beach on the seafront at Westshore, and this should more than compensate for the dreary mudflats which have appeared along the waterfront of the lagoon on the Westshore – Bay View Road. The harbour Board proposes to restore all pre-earthquake harbour facilities, and the large companies interested in wool etc., have already planned the building of new stores at the port. Apart from our sea-going trade, our chief local industry is the preparation of tobacco at Port Ahuriri. Today the tobacco company is in full swing, with all its old employees busy at work. The woollen mills, lime works, the Vulcan foundry and other engineering establishments have been revived.

“The opinion is held at Napier that the town is perfectly safe for the future from severe ‘quakes, and the history of cities which have been similarly stricken affords support for this feeling of confidence. Some confusion exists in the minds of people who are not familiar with Napier that the Bluff Hill is an exceedingly dangerous spot on which to live. This is an entire mistake. The Napier hills are composed of limestone rock, and except where sharp cliffs and cuttings exist there is nothing to indicate that the hills have suffered to any extent through the earthquake. Indeed there is something to be said for the report that the hills are the safest part of the town.

“Some fears were at first entertained that various public facilities which had been temporarily lost to Napier through the earthquake might not be reinstated here, but might possibly be established at Hastings. These fears have so far proved groundless. The Supreme Court has been re-established, and the Court will presently hold its usual quarterly sittings in Napier. Assurance has been given that the Land Transfer and Deed Office will be replaced on the former site.

“Up to the present the people for the most part had to re-establish themselves in business out of their own sadly depleted resources, but considerable expansion may be expected when the money to be made available under the Earthquake Act is liberated. For Napier, much will depend on the manner in which financial assistance is rendered by the Minister of Finance, and the Rehabilitation Committee is expected to make its recommendations in accordance with the express wish of Parliament that generous help should be afforded those who have suffered loss. The one thing that has not been affected by the earthquake is the glorious weather for which Napier is justly famous.”

Photo captions –

Mr. H. M. Campbell, M.P.

Mr. W. E. Barnard, M.P.

Hastings – before the earthquake, and to-day. Lower picture shows a typical scene in Hastings before the earthquake. Inset shows same street today, with reconstruction work rapidly obliterating traces of the disaster. On the corner at the left the “Tribune” building can be seen. Note that its top story was demolished by the earthquake.

4   SPECIAL HAWKE’S BAY NUMBER.   The Dominion

NAPIER ANNOUNCEMENTS

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Napier Office:   Wellington Office:
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FULL STOCKS OF TIRES, OILS, BENZINE AND ALL…ACCESSORIES ON HAND.
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Hawke’s Bay Distributors for WOLSELEY and GRAHAM Cars.
LEREW MOTORS (1927 Ltd.)

JACK SKELTON
MONUMENTALIST   CARLYLE STREET, NAPIER
(Late 12 years with H.B. Monumental Works).
Expert Attention Given to Cemetery Repairs.   Modern Memorials in Stock.

A. McGlashan
(Established first in 1004.)
Auctioneer, Fruit and Produce Salesman
Auction Sales of Fruit and Vegetables every Tuesday and Friday.
Market Sales of Poultry and General Goods every Saturday.
Land Agent – Member of the Real Estate Institute.
Valuer of Hotel and other Furniture, and of Real and Personal Property.
SPECIAL, SALES BY ARRANGEMENT.
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Temporary Premises:
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E. HYDE
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PIPES SENT BY POST WILL RECEIVE PROMPT ATTENTION

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Ever at Your Service!
SEVEN YEARS’ FAITHFUL SERVICE IS THE FACTOR THAT HAS MADE
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BATTERY ROAD, NAPIER.
Manufacturers of
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All above lines can be supplied as usual Our Vinegar Works are at present out of action through the earthquake.
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KELLY’S ASH
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The Dominion   SPECIAL HAWKE’S BAY NUMBER.   5

How Earthquake Funds will be Administered

MANY RELIEF ORGANISATIONS

Functions of the Various Bodies

The objections which the people of the earthquake area of Hawke’s Bay have uttered through their Press and through their public men in reference to the processes by which the Government is administering relief of various kinds are certainly not prompted by any feeling that the Government has erred in the direction of over-limiting the number of relief organisations that it has established. Instead, it is a feat requiring some intellectual astuteness to solve the problem of deciding which is the appropriate body to deal with one’s claims and requests, and one becomes puzzled by the possibility that one’s business and domestic claims may necessitate application to all of several bodies.

THE man without the means of buying food for his family, without(supposing for argument’s sake that he is a carrier) the money to keep up the instalments on the motor lorry which is the paramount necessity to his livelihood, with a house mortgage in arrear, and with dwelling repairs to pay for, is likely to have an anxious time and a lean time before he will be able to discover how he is going to stand, and to whom he is to apply to for aid. To picture any one person suffering under such a series of adverse circumstances does not even approach exaggeration. He is financially but a humble type from among the hundreds of potential applicants, not for charity, but, as has so often been stressed, for merited relief. With such a type the Rehabilitation Committee, the Adjustment Court, the Napier Commission, the local district relief committees, and the trustees of the local mayors’ relief funds, will be called upon to deal.

The two most grandiose, though not necessarily the most important, of the organisations named are the Adjustment Court and the Rehabilitation Committee. Their functions may be defined briefly as follows: –

The Adjustment Court, as established by the Hawke’s Bay Earthquake Act, is granted special jurisdiction to decide questions as to rights and liabilities that may have been left in doubt, and to adjudicate on rights and liabilities where they may have been affected as a result of the earthquake. Their powers are expressly defined as including the power of dealing with mortgages and similar instrument and encumbrances, and the court’s jurisdiction is extremely wide.

The Rehabilitations Committee’s sole function is to allocate relief from the State fund of ₤1,500,000 made available during the last session of Parliament for various kinds of relief. Of that amount ₤250,00 was specifically set aside for the use of local body restoration works. According strictly to the terms of its appointment, the Rehabilitation Committee has no power to do more than make recommendations for the allocation of relief from the fund, since the final decision rests with the Prime Minster as Minister of Finance. The committee’s headquarters are to be in Wellington.

A function notable for its needfulness, and, for the people concerned, the more greatly appreciated because of its freedom from the restrictions and from the encumbrances of delay that seem to attach to the Rehabilitation Committee and to the Adjustment Court, is being performed, and for some time has been performed, by the local relief committees in their capacity as agents, so to speak, of the Central Relief Committal. Included in the powers of those district committees, one of which is in Hastings, one in Napier, and one in Wairoa, is the power to grant or to lend up to a maximum amount of ₤100 for essential repairs to dwellings.

The Napier Commission, which consists of Mr. J. S. Barton, S.M., and Mr. L. R. Campbell, engineer in the Public Works Department, functions purely and simply as a municipal council. The Napier Borough council has been in abeyance as an administrative body since the earthquake.

The mayors’ funds, which are administered by the mayors of the towns and trustees who sit with them when necessary, minister solely to the financial wants of the distressed or the destitute, of their boroughs, and the trustees have uncontrolled powers of granting or declining applications for what is termed personal relief.

Again, there are such other organisation as the District Nursing Association, the Red Cross, the Plunket Society, and a number of kindred bodies, which administer relief in the shape of clothing, household goods, and similar articles, and which distribute a little money in small sums.

Beyond that, there are several sums of money, some of them of appreciable size, which have been given, with a fine generosity exercised with an excusably restricted usefulness, for the benefit of special classes of people. For instance, it could not have been realised by the people who so kindly gave the money that a few pounds given restrictively for the benefit of a small religious institution with more than three female children over ten years of age must necessarily entail a special committee to inquire whether there are such people, and then discover that not one of them needs relief. It is not pretended, of course, that such an instance occurred, but a small committee of the kind mentioned has found itself faced with the position of having on its hands a sum of money which, it appears, is not wanted by the people to whom it was sent. Steps will be taken however, to see that the money is diverted to one of the many great uses that can be found for it.

The main relief organisations, however, are the Adjustment Court, the Rehabilitation Committee, the Napier Commission, and the local deputy relief committees of the Central Relief Committees. It is not, perhaps, strictly correct to describe the Napier Commission as a relief organisation. It has some powers to act in that role, but its main purpose of existence is to act as a municipal administrative body. The following are in more detail the functions of the organisations named: –

The Rehabilitation Committee will consist of five members, and will actively invite applications for relief. The applications will then be verified in such manner as the members think fit. The powers of the committee are the same as those granted by the Commission of Inquiry Act, 1908, and it can sit in the normal way as an ordinary commission empowered to take evidence on oath. Its functions are not limited merely to the making of grants and loans. It can give and lend money, make share investments, handle the underwriting of shares, make guarantees to merchants or to banks and make financial accommodations with insurance companies. In short, almost any transaction common to ordinary commerce is within the scope and powers of the committee.

The chairman of the committee (Mr. J. S. Barton) was not hesitant in declaring that the committee “Is not a charitable aid board.” Its functions, he said, were to rehabilitate. He suggested at the same time that if applicants would empower the committee on their behalf to negotiate with creditors, much amicable negotiation would be possible. Applicants have been asked to draw up balance sheets showing the state of their financial affairs and setting forth what assistance they wish to apply for.

The committee will probably incline towards the adoption of a policy of dealing first with applications which have some bearing on the community welfare; or, in other words, with applicants whose business is by its nature of public service, which pays rates and taxes, which uses or provides public amenities, and which employs labour to any useful extant.

As has been pointed out above, the only money at the disposal of the Rehabilitation Committee is the State Fund of £1,500,000, less £250,000.

The Adjustment Court will deal mainly with two sorts of applications. The one class consists applicants for the making of a declaratory order in respect of property in which the applicant is concerned. The second class of applicants seeking relief from exuberances such as mortgages and other legal instruments.

The sort of applications first-named will be made by persons who claim to be interested, in any right of personal status, or in any right in respect of property, or in the personal right where it is established  that the right has been made difficult or impossible of exercise or retention by reason of the earthquake.

That sort of application will arise chiefly from the destruction of documents. For example, A may claim that he is really the beneficial owner of certain land of which B is the legal owner. A, because all documents upon which he would ordinarily have relied were lost as a result of the earthquake, has to seek the aid of the Adjustment Court. He puts his case to the court, and the court in its discretion makes, or does not make, a declaratory order as to A’s rights of ownership.

The following may be taken as an instance of the second sort of application. AB claims that on the day of the earthquake he was, and still is, liable under the deed of mortgage over his freehold property. He may apply to the Adjustment Court for relief. Such applications must have two features. Firstly, they must involve points which require legal knowledge to state and elucidate. They must not be frivolous, nor must they be applications of a sort that are governed by rights with which the court cannot interfere. Secondly, they must involve the rights of persons other than the applicants themselves. The court will not attempt to hear applications until all others interested have been notified, and have had an opportunity of putting their views and claims before the court.

A local official has made clear the meaning of the point in regards to the need of legal knowledge required the for satisfaction and adjudication of a claim. There are some people in the affected district, he declared, who seemed to have the impression that they would have merely to stroll into the court, hold a few minor conversations with its members, and stroll out again with a cancelled mortgage. Before the Court can act, however, he said, it must be fully informed of the facts, and it would require to have those facts put before it in the form of an affidavit. It would require also that each applicant in his application call attention to this powers of the court set out in the Earthquake Act which he invoked, and to ask for the precise remedy or relief which he wished for. Applications could not be dealt with be the mere writing of a letter.

It is open for anyone who wishes to have his position defined to apply to the court for a declaratory order designed to place him in the position that he occupied before the earthquake. If the court refuse such an order, it is unrestrictedly open, or apparently so, provided that as in ordinary courts “good cause” is shown, for the applicant to claim a rehearing of his claim.

Further, the Court is empowered to make provision for the hearing of claims of undue hardship arising out of obligations entered into before the earthquake, whether affecting the claimant personally or affecting any of his property. In such cases the court is empowered to grant such relief as, while having regard to the rights and liabilities of others, it may deem just and equitable in the way of complete or partial release from the fulfilment of those obligations.

No decision of the Court will be binding unless the president (the Chief Justice) and one other member concur in it. Special and unparalleled provisions are the the Crown is fully subject to the Act by which the Court was created; and further, that no fee shall be received or demanded in respect of any matter or proceeding in the Court.

In regard to the functions so far performed by the local relief committees, it may be said that they have performed invaluable work which, in a very large measure, prevented financial stagnation in the earthquake area, and which, more valuable than that, made habitable many dwellings whose owners and tenants would otherwise have been unable to make them so. The one effect obviously has a direct bearing upon the other, for many business men in a small way, and in financial distress, would not have been otherwise able to finance both the partial restoration of their business and repairing of their houses. The committees have done commendable work in that way, and have been singularly free from the trammels of officialdom and red tape. Their assistance has at all times been given readily, but always with discretion, and the personnel of the committees is a definite assurance that the money has been spent wisely.

The very first use to which the committees put the money at their disposal (it is derived entirely from the Central Earthquake Relief Fund) was to liquidate debts arising from the commandeer of the large quantities of goods so desperately needed on the day of the earthquake and on the succeeding few days. Those goods consisted mainly of hospital requirements, clothing, and emergency requirements.

So far as grants for dwelling repairs are concerned, the committees have virtually unrestricted powers, though they are nominally under the control of the Central Committee. The maximum amount that the committees are authorised to grant is £100, and then only for such repairs as are necessary, and which are calculated to make a dwelling comfortably habitable. Such work as new papering and painting would not be authorised except where it has been made absolutely necessary by the earthquake. Some owners had the work of repairing their houses done first, and applied afterwards for a grant of a £100 or a part of it. Their claims will not, however, be considered by the local committees until such time as it is possible to calculate what amount of money the Central Fund can afford to grant or lend them. Every applicant for that sort of assistance, however, has had formally to undertake to repay the £100, or whatever portion of it has been allocated him, at the end of twelve months, and the money is treated as a loan not bearing interest. There is no secret made of the fact, nevertheless, that the terms of beneficiaries’ promises to repay will not be harshly imposed, and it is likely that if the funds allow of such action, a proportionate rebate will be made.

It may be said in conclusion that the functions of the Adjustment Court and the Rehabilitation Committee will be more exactly defined by those bodies themselves when they begin their activities, and it is evident that the Government has not wished to pin them down to anything too precisely definite. The people of the area affected have uttered several objections, the terms of which have been published in the Press, and need not be repeated here. Mr. Forbes, in answering them, has really answered Mr. H. M. Campbell, M.P. and Mr. W. E. Barnard, M.P., as though they had personally had seen and had expressed objections from a purely individual and personal standpoint. That is not the feeling in Hawke’s Bay. The people of the district may be safely said to concur heartily in the terms of the telegrams which Mr. Campbell and Mr. Barnard sent to the Prime Minister, and the Press of the district has given its criticism in sometimes fairly strong words. The main objection is that it is apparently the intention of the Rehabilitation Committee to modify its assistance in accordance with the amount of self-help that earthquake suffers have striven so hard to accomplish.

BUSINESS AS USUAL

The slogan “Business as Usual,” which became so popular in England during the Great War, was intended to convey the fact that the British shop-keeper had the determination and enterprise to “carry on” in spite of almost superhuman difficulties. This inherent British characteristic to-day prevails in the earthquake-shattered towns in Hawke’s Bay. In Sunny Napier, in picturesque Clive Square, one of the few open spaces that remained undamaged, the retail community has combined in a spirited effort to keep trade moving while awaiting the development of the bigger scheme of rehabilitation. Here, in a setting of palms and semi-tropical shrubs are squares of small iron structures divided into stalls and miniature shops. Here one is able to purchase not only the necessities of life, but most of its luxuries. The colourful scene reminds one of a flourishing South Seas trading settlement – not as one would see it in real life, – but as one would visualise it through the descriptions of a South Seas novelist. And prices are surprisingly low too! Competition is keen, courtesy is everywhere apparent, and the buyer is generally satisfied.

Perhaps one of the outstanding examples of Napier’s determination to “carry on” in spite of its great difficulties is to be seen in the Foresters’ Hall. This commodious structure, one of the few of its kind to survive the effects of the earthquake and fire, has suffered a transformation. On entering the main door, one is aware that the hall has been divided off into offices, warehouses, and cubicles ranging in size from fair-sized rooms to miniature stalls. Walking along the passage, one passes on either side every conceivable type of business. On one side the stocks of a wholesale merchant can be seen through a screen of wire netting. A little further along a hairdresser busily plies his trade, his client partly shielded from the curious by a door that swings gently with the current of air. Then the visitor hears the erratic tapping of typewriter keys, and glimpses through a half-open door a legal office. An architect, a secretary and an accountant also occupy little cubicles in this hive of business activity.

SPIRIT OF COURAGE

Private houses, schools, churches, halls, in fact every type of building, has been converted into office and business premises in the earthquake zone. A Napier wholesale softgoods firm is carrying on in the stable which fell into disuse with the development of motor transport. The building has been provided with a wooden floor, of course, and made generally comfortable. What was once a loosebox is now the office of the firm, which, despite its difficulties, is fulfilling orders as usual.

Marquees, sheds and other temporary structures all add to the carnival atmosphere, and very habitable building has been made use of to keep the wheels of commerce turning. A photographer’s studio occupies part of a Sunday school room, the Napier Post Office is now housed in a school building, and the fire brigade machines find temporary homes in motor garages.

Despite the fact that business people are not unnaturally apprehensive regarding the outcome of the rehabilitation scheme, there is a spirit of enterprise and optimism throughout Hawke’s Bay that is lacking in many other parts of the Dominion.

Earthquake Rehabilitation Committee

Personnel of the Hawke’s Bay Earthquake Rehabilitation Committee.   Left to right: MESSRS. J. S. BARTON (chairman), W. G. SHERRATT, W. WADDELL, G. SHIRTCLIFFE, G. H. WRIGHT.

6   SPECIAL HAWKE’S BAY NUMBER.   The Dominion.

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EFFECT OF ‘QUAKE

ENGINEER’S COMMENTS

An indication of the magnitude of the earth movement associated with the earthquake in Hawke’s Bay on February 3 is afforded by its effect on the Westshore Bridge (at Napier), and approaches, says Mr. F. C. Widdop, Chief Engineer, New Zealand Railways, in the N.Z. Railways Magazine. The bridge, which has a total length of 1232 feet, is of reinforced concrete construction on reinforced concrete piles, and consists of twenty-one spans of 50ft each, five of 25ft each, and one of 57ft (the latter designed to allow the passage of boats and launches).

The old bridge which crossed the inner harbour from Port Ahuriri to the south end of the shingle spit at Westshore, was in need of renewal in 1914. At the same time the Napier-Eskdale railway was about to be constructed, while the Napier Harbour Board was also contemplating the construction of an extensive inner harbour in the Ahuriri Lagoon. An agreement was, therefore, entered into between the Public Works Department, the Napier Harbour Board, and the Hawke’s Bay County Council (an agreement subsequently confirmed by legislation), by which a combined road and railway bridge was to be constructed in a position that would not interfere with the proposed inner harbour.

The bridge was constructed by the Public Works Department at a cost of £44,708/18/-, the County Council contributing approximately half the cost.(The embankment leading to the bridge was constructed by the Harbour Board, the Public Works Department contributing £20,000, out of a total cost of about £47,000).

Provision was made for the Railway Department to maintain the bridge and embankment and collect from the County Council the cost of maintaining the portion containing the road, the County Council being assigned the work of maintaining the road surface.

To allow for expansion and contraction, the bridge was constructed in units, each consisting of two 50ft spans, one 25ft span (in centre), and two 50ft spans, making an expansion joint at every 225ft. The 25ft spans were strongly braced against longitudinal forces, and also provided with raker piles acting in the same direction. The waterway was designed to allow for ample provision for the discharge of the Tutaekuri River, and also for the movement of sufficient tidal water to and from the lagoon, this provision being for the purpose of preventing the shoaling of the entrance to the inner harbour.

The earthquake of February 3, 1931, was accompanied by an earth movement from the north of a magnitude sufficient to push the south end span entirely off the concrete pier at the expansion joint, allowing the span to fall into the estuary. The pier (with the expansion joint paced centrally) is three feet wide. All piles in the piers to the northward were cracked on the north side, but the reinforcing remained in place. The southernmost pier was broken by the falling of the span.

The whole structure was raised 5ft 10in by an upward movement of the bed, and this movement extended for many miles in both directions. The maximum uplift noted on the railway was  6ft at Bay View (about 5 miles north of the bridge), steadily decreasing to 3ft 9in at Eskdale (9 miles northward). The uplift was less where swamps were crossed, due to the semi-fluid earth flowing toward the lower levels. For some distance south of the bridge the uplift was about 5ft 6in. The long embankment was spread and flattened almost throughout its entire length, and the road on both sides of the bridge was badly broken up. A number of motor vehicles which were on the embankment when the earthquake occurred became embedded in the fissures, the fine bitumen surface being shattered.

The bridge was thrown only slightly out of line, but the embankment at the south end was forced to the westward so that the roadway on the embankment lined up approximately with the railway track on the bridge.

The uplift considerably reduced the portion of the lagoon covered by tidal waters, and in consequence yachts and launches which formerly sailed the inner lagoon were left high and dry. The railway line between Napier and Eskdale will require to be re-graded, and in many places re-located to suit the altered conditions.

The Dominion   SPECIAL HAWKE’S BAY NUMBER.   7

RAILWAYS AND EARTHQUAKES

Efficient Emergency Organisation

EVACUATING INJURED AND REFUGEES

One of the lessons taught by the disastrous earthquake of Hawke’s Bay is the national value of the State railways for New Zealand welfare. Immediately after the great shake the stricken area had the help of the Railway Department’s specialised organisation. The details of this article, from the “New Zealand Railways Magazine,” show the quickness of the Department’s response to the need.

THE earthquake occurred at approximately 10.50 a.m. on Tuesday, February 3, and within eight minutes, or to be exact, at 10.58 a.m. New Zealand railway headquarters had been advised by the stationmaster at Waipukurau that a very severe earthquake had taken place and that communication north of his station had been interrupted. Shortly afterward advice was received that the viaduct between Ormondville and Kopua had been damaged and that the Napier mail train could not get through and was returning to Takapau. The General Manager (Mr. H. H. Sterling) immediately communicated with the heads of his departments and arrangements  were made for a special breakdown train in charge of an  inspector of permanent way and a special gang of workmen to leave Woodville at once, picking up men and material in order to effect any repairs to the line that might be required.  This train left Woodville at 12 5 p.m., 1 hour 15 minutes after the earthquake had occurred.

Another Quick Move.

At this stage, owing to the lack of telegraph or telephone communication with the stricken area, few details of the extent of the disaster were available, but news and information were slowly trickling in, indicating that the upheaval had been of great magnitude. It was considered wise, therefore, to make further arrangements for the dispatch of men and material to Hawke’s Bay.  and a second work train was made up and fully equipped to deal with the more urgent engineering requirements. This train left Wellington at 1 p.m., 2 hours 10 minutes after receipt of the first advice. The inspecting engineers and district engineers meantime had left for Napier, and were speedily on the spot to give whatever expert direction might be required.

A Call for the Electrical Branch.

The electrical branch had not been idle, and very luckily a special gang was working in the neighbourhood of Takapau. This gang was split up into small units, and as some worked back restoring any breaks in the communications between Waipukurau and Woodville, others worked forward from Takapau northward.

The earthquake had, in many instances, thrown down poles, and in other cases the lines had been so tangled by the oscillation caused by the rapid shakes that they had to be cleared with long poles as the gang moved along.

Transport of Essentials.

Headquarters at Wellington were by this time receiving more detailed information as to what had happened in the devastated area, and the Defence Department had made a requisition on the railway for special trains for transporting material and hospital equipment from Trentham. Foodstuffs were also assembled and were in readiness for dispatch. The first of these trains left Trentham at 7.31 p.m. on the Tuesday, and arrived at Waipukurau, the nearest point that could be reached in the then state of the permanent way, at 1.44 a.m. on Wednesday, February 4.

Lorries were requisitioned to take hospital stores and equipment from Waipukurau, and within an hour of arrival of the train 41 loaded lorries had been dispatched. Consideration was then turned to the question of providing food, and, if necessary, water, and also of arranging for transportation of refugees and casualty cases from Napier and Hastings.

The railway refreshment branch had assembled large supplies of food, and arrangements were made for cooks and assistants to proceed northward at once. These food supplies and the refreshment staff in charge left Wellington by special train at 7.30 p.m. and picked up additional supplies en route.

In Napier and Hastings events were happening with such startling rapidity and earthquakes were so frequent that the population as a whole, although accepting conditions with the bravery characteristic of our race, were more less stunned by the calamity that had come upon them.

Railway Buses for Ambulance Work.

The railway bus office, which was located close to the Masonic Hotel, was utterly demolished, but by extraordinary good luck the staff had saved their lives by sheltering in the strongroom and extricated themselves after the first heavy quakes had passed. The officer in charge, Mr. S. Viles, with the help of the available staff, set about turning some of the railway buses into ambulance cars. A skeleton service between Hastings and Napier was maintained up to 10 p.m. and the balance of the fleet of buses did yeoman service in conveying injured and maimed cases to McLean Park and refugees to Central Park and racecourse. Railway buses were also sent down for the sailors who were being landed by H.M.S. Veronica, and every transport facility was given that the plant available would permit.

Water for the “Locos.”

The earthquake had destroyed loco water tanks at Napier, but staff rose to the occasion and improvised a pump with the injector of a locomotive, and pumped sufficient water for immediate requirements. The locomotives were kept ready awaiting the completion of the strenuous work of putting the track in order, which was being energetically pushed forward by the maintenance men.

Moving the Injured.

The evacuation of the injured was proceeding methodically, and as Waipukurau was at this stage the nearest point of the rail a special hospital train was made up there, and the first patients left for Palmerston North at 11.30 a.m. on February 4.

Arrangements for Evacuation.

Railway headquarters had set the wheels in motion for the possible evacuation, and carriages and other rolling-stock were being hurried to Hawke’s Bay district from all parts of the North Island.

The arrangements made covered a possible evacuation of 15,000 to 20,000 people. and within twenty-four hours there were available 150 railway cars and 50 railway bogie wagons each with a capacity (in emergency) of 100 people or 20,000 people in all.

Schedules were prepared to enable trains to leave at short intervals and had the necessity arisen the whole of the population could have been removed from the danger zone in a short space of time.

The railway refreshment branch had accumulated sufficient food and stores of various kinds to supply all possible demands that might be made upon it at Napier or Hastings. A main depot was established at Napier and subsidiary depots in other parts.

A number of the department’s experienced chefs and cooks were assembled at Napier, and cooking arrangements were adequate and satisfactory. Luckily, the weather remained fine.

Restoring the Track.

Repair work to the track, which had been carried on without cessation, enabled the trains to get through to Hastings by 10 a.m. on Thursday, February 5, and to Napier by 9 p.m. on the same day. The rapidity with which the track had been restored astounded all who saw the lines immediately after the first heavy earthquake had taken place. To all branches of the service praise is due, but in this connection the maintenance branch came in for special mention. The restoration of rail communication had a very steadying effect on the people. and when the first refugee train of twenty cars, carrying some 1200 passengers, steamed out of Napier those remaining felt their courage stimulated by the fact that great numbers of people could now leave if they so desired.

Photo caption – Sunset, as seen from Hospital Hill, Napier.

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8   SPECIAL HAWKE’S BAY NUMBER.  The Dominion

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The Dominion   SPECIAL HAWKE’S BAY NUMBER.   9

Intention of Rehabilitation Committee

The scope and plans of the Hawke’s Bay Rehabilitation Committee were recently explained to the business people of Napier by the chairman, Mr. J. S. Barton, S. M. As particular interest attaches to the views expressed by Mr. Barton, we now publish them.

“I want to make clear to you, in the first place, the powers of a statutory body such as the Rehabilitation Committee, and also the limitations of those powers,” said Mr. Barton. A statute, he went on, created the committee and named its powers, and the committee had no powers beyond those outlined in the statute, by which it was bound.

The Adjustment Court, the setting up of which was authorised in the Hawke’s Bay Earthquake Act, was a necessary tribunal on account of the fact that records, both regarding private individuals and public bodies, had been lost said the speaker.

The court had power to make declaratory orders in respect of matters affected by the loss of those records, and it also had the power to function in regard to relations between debtor and creditor – which terms covered mortgagors and mortgagees. The difficulties which had been experienced in the past, in regard to interference in contracts, had made the establishment of this court necessary.

There were cases, said Mr. Barton, in which mortgagors, were in a better position than mortgagees, and it was the duty of the court, in certain cases, to tone down the rigour of common law.

Logical Form of Act

Part 2 of the Act dealt with rehabilitation, Mr. Barton continued. “It was no accident,” he said, “that the first part of the Act, dealt with adjustment and the second with rehabilitation. One is the logical approach to the other. There are many cases in which it would be useless to talk about rehabilitation until adjustment had been effected. If  man is insolvent and his creditors prove their claims, it is foolish to talk rehabilitation. Every £100 with which that man is assisted is liable to be shot at. To rehabilitate him, you have got to give him an amount in excess of his shortage. It is useless to approach the problem of rehabilitation without adjusting outstanding liabilities.

Funds Limited.

“There are two basic differences between the policy announced by the committee, and the attitude of some of these who have criticised us,” said Mr. Barton. “A communication which appeared in the Press stated, ‘The Act does not limit you, as Minister of Finance, to an amount of a million and a half.’  I say, as chairman of the Rehabilitation Committee, that the Act does limit the Minister, in the most positive way known to law draughtsmen. To combine what has been empowered with what is held to have been Parliament’s original intention, ‘Is a procedure which will create anomalies and raise false hopes.”

Section 37 of the Act was quoted by Mr. Barton, as follows: “…The Minister of Finance may, from time to time, without further appropriation than this section, make payments from the Reserve Fund Account for the following purposes:-

“(a)   For the purpose of granting financial assistance in accordance with the provisions of this part of the Act, to an amount not exceeding in all the sum of million two hundred and fifty thousand pounds, to persons who have suffered loss or damage by reason of the earthquake.

“(b)   For the purpose of transferring from time to time as required, sums not exceeding in all the sum of two hundred and fifty thousand pounds to the State advances account for loans to local authorities in accordance with this part of the Act.”

The Only Appropriation.

“That,” said Mr. Barton, “is an appropriation section. It appropriates £250,000 from the Reserve Fund Account for local bodies, and, ‘for persons who have suffered loss or damages by reason of the earthquake,’ an amount not exceeding £1,250,000. That section is the charter with which the Prime Minister can go to the Treasury. Nothing can empower him to appropriate any more than the amount stated. There is no other appropriation authorised in the Act.

“I think, if you will agree with me that the amount is limited to £1,250,000, that the basis of most of the criticism disappears. As to the fact that the amount is limited, the Crown Law Office has ruled that it is so. If any more money is to be made available, it must be by another act of Parliament. There is no other way.

“The committee, in getting to business, looked to find out its financial resources and fixed a policy accordingly. If more money is by chance ultimately available, no one will be more pleased than the member of the committee. The question has been asked: ‘Is there not a definite undertaking that there will be more?’ I did not sit through Parliament, but I am familiar with the negotiations conducted outside the House, and I know that there was nothing there which was inconsistent with what has been done.

Unemployment.

“The position, as it is now, is different from what it was when these provisions were being considered. At that time it was easy to say what was the biggest problem with which New Zealand had ever been faced. It was very easy to answer ‘The Hawke’s Bay earthquake.’ To-day, to anyone who knows the facts, it is not so easy. Facing the problems arising out of the Hawke’s Bay earthquake is not so big a task as the hurdle associated with the fact that 42,000 of our citizens are out of employment, and there is no assurance that more of them will not be out of work later. That its the country’s biggest problem to-day.

“Then you might ask, ‘Were we not assured that the earthquake disaster was to be regarded as a national calamity?’ That promise certainly was made, and, so far, there has been no receding from it. To start with, the Government gave the borough council a large sum of money, and it gave the Public Works Department a blank cheque for repair work in various quarters. That was quite illegal. The Minister of Finance took the risk, and he has been backed by Parliament, with the result that his actions have been validated. So far, of the Public Works Department’s blank cheque, £30,000 has been spent. The granting of £10,000 for the erection of the community shops was quite illegal. It has since been validated.

“The public of New Zealand voluntarily subscribed £350,000. Between 20,000 and 30,000 citizens were transported away from the earthquake area and ultimately brought back again free of cost. Not a penny of the cost involved in transporting those people was charged against the voluntarily subscribed funds. The State funds bore the whole expense. Citizens in both the North and South Islands became good Samaritans, and took refugees into their homes.

“The Public Trust Office undertook to supervise and administer, free of charge, the funds which had been subscribed. The cost involved in the items I have mentioned has so far amounted to £2,000,000, and in addition to that we can’t calculate the value of many other services rendered and still being rendered. That has been done in a period of four months, during the most serious financial crisis this Dominion has ever known.

“Now comes the question: Is a million and a quarter sufficient to meet everything?] No, it is not. The value of stocks lost is probably about £4,000,000.

“We have been criticised for saying that the committee would not replace stocks,” he said. “My first answer on this point is that the committee never said anything of the sort.”

“What we actually said in our statement was this: ‘Applicants should appreciate the fact that they cannot be reinstated to the full in their pre-earthquake positions, but must be content to make a fresh start in a more or less modest way, with such assistance as the committee can recommend . It may be that in certain cases they will not be able, for financial reasons, to maintain stocks as they did before the earthquake, and it is hoped to be able to consider some assistance to overcome the difficulty.”

Insufficient Funds.

“Only a part of the million and a quarter can be used to meet the loss in stock, and you’ve got to make a more modest start,” said Mr. Barton.

“In regard to our statement regarding the reinstatement of buildings before stocks, some explanation is necessary. When we reinstate premises you have got a roof for stocks, you have a rateable property reinstated, and a rendezvous for business. And it has been proved, lack of stocks won’t hold you up. The establishment of the community shops has proved that. We would like to make a pro rata allocation for all stocks lost, but we simply haven’t the funds.

“We will look for the man who can best be trusted to make the most out of an empty building – that is, a payer of taxes, a user of borough services, and an employer of labour. If we say, ‘Here’s £5000 for a building,’ that re-secures the mortgagee. And the merchants of Auckland and Wellington have assured us that lack of stocks will not be allowed to hold business people up in working back to their old positions.

“That is our policy – not to replace buildings as they were before the earthquake altogether, not to overbuild, but to keep provision just a little ahead of requirements. If there is ultimately more money, our policy will still have justified itself. Firstly, we will attend to personal loss – the cases of widows and orphaned children who have lost their breadwinners, or men who have been disabled and who have lost their means of earning their livelihoods – and secondly, to the rehabilitation of buildings and houses, which will give employment. Business premises will be empty for lack of stocks. I am sure that if we get such a man as the owner of a business like this going again, two or three other businesses will ipso facto be rehabilitated.

“I have been asked why, in our policy, we have shown a leaning toward loans and a tendency to shear away from grants. The position is this. Every grant of £1000 means that £1000 has gone. It may be used wisely, or unwisely, but the fact remains that it is gone. It has gone on the possible task of rehabilitating one man. Loans are contemplated over long periods and on the lowest rate of interest you can get – on terms that should not hamper any good and well-conducted business. The loan comes half-way between a grant and a business arrangement of the kind which was in existence before the earthquake.

STRENUOUS DAYS

Activities in Hastings

MAYOR’S SURVEY

“Too much time and space would be required even to indicate the many activities that have been undertaken by the citizens of Hastings in their concentrated effort to bring the town back to normal, and only a brief outline of the work can be attempted,” said Mr. S. F. Roach, Mayor of Hastings, to a “Dominion” representative.

“Looking back on the strenuous hours immediately succeeding the calamity of February 3, 1931, one can see that the salvation of Hastings was in large measure due to the fact that the essential services of water and sanitation continued to function. Water was not procurable for some hours, but had the supply been cut off to the same degree as in Napier, there can be no doubt that fire would have dealt with Hastings as it did with the sister community. As it was, some of the most valuable business premises in this town, including those of two important banks, were gutted by fire.

“The movement towards rehabilitation in Hastings may be said to have begun when, an hour or so after the earthquake, the citizens rallied at an agreed meeting place in the Main Street, to appoint an administrative committee to deal with the emergency. I wish to place on record, once more, my unbounded admiration for the words that was so efficiently carried out by that committee.

“Arrangements were immediately made for the supply of food, clothing and shelter for the needy and two wooden buildings (one of which had been unused for years, yet survived the earthquake intact) were requisitioned for these important services.

“In passing, it may be mentioned that, communication being interrupted, our local paper improvised a temporary news sheet two days after the disaster in temporary premises, supplying the public with authoritative news that they did much to obviate the damage of irresponsible rumours. The little sheets, hand-set under great difficulties, are now amongst the treasured souvenirs of the fateful time.

“As the days passed, civic affairs were taken hold of little by little, and it may be said, with every confidence, that we are now much nearer to the achievement of normal conditions than could have been anticipated during the early weeks of February.

“We now see temporary buildings that have been erected in every quarter of the town to carry on the business that was so suddenly interrupted, and there are very few businesses that were previously established which have not found some corner or other in which to carry on their trade.

“The public have rallied to the assistance of hard-hit business men in the most wonderful way, and the customary shopping evenings are as busy as ever they were. Shopping is not too easy owing to the many changes that have taken place, but a more good-humoured shopping community would be hard to find in New Zealand.

“The sound of hammering and sawing from daylight until dark indicates the opening overture, so to speak, of the reconstructed Hastings that is yet to be.

“Schools: One of our earliest and most urgent problems was related to the proper accommodation of our school children. Most of the schools suffered serious damage and could not be used for a considerable time, but after some delays the educational authorities have at length been persuaded to make the necessary repairs without adding to the fears of the children by asking them to attend classes in upstairs premises, and our problem has to that extent, been solved.

“Hospitals: Next to the need of the children comes the care of the sick. Thanks to magnificent bequest, Hastings is now in a position to provide adequate hospital accommodation for many years to come. The Memorial Hospital, previously used solely for maternity cases, will be enlarged and re-adapted to general needs. The question is still under discussion as to the site of the base hospital for Hawke’s Bay but, that question apart, Hastings is fully provided for in the meantime.

“Churches: The church authorities of all denomination shave lost no time in providing temporary accommodation in cases where buildings (as in most cases) were destroyed or greatly damaged, and regular weekly services are now advertised.

“Relief Funds: The administration of the funds contributed for the relief of distress has been most carefully handled by a small committee, and not a single complaint of unjust treatment has, so far, been received.

“There are still certain unfortunate delays in some matters of reconstruction, such as those affecting bridges and means of communication generally. These are not within the jurisdiction of the Borough Council, but no effort has been spared to speed up the most essential work.

“In general, it may be said, with every confidence, that Hastings is again on the map and is likely to stay there. Conditions are not what they were, but the spirit of the people is wonderful. We are crippled but not beaten, and not only willing but eager to bring victory and prosperity from what at one time looked so like defeat, and, in future, our motto should be –

We are not to look back,We are to look forward”

POPULATION OF HASTINGS

If outstanding evidence were required that Hastings has refused to go down to an earthquake, it could be readily obtained by an analysis of the post-earthquake census, which has just recently been completed. Here is revealed the outstanding fact that the population to-day shows an increase of 2565 since the last quinquennial census of 1926. While the total increase in population is gratifying indeed, and shows the growing confidence in the town and district, the rate of increase since the last census – 25.27 per cent, – shows that the population of Hastings is growing at a greater pace than any other town city in New Zealand.

The following are the details of the Hastings borough census (Maoris have not been separately counted):

BOROUGH POPULATION.

Males.
1926   1931
Adults   2835   4218
Minors   2127   2426
Totals   4962   6644
Females.   1926   1931
Adults   3083   3775
Minors   2042   2294
Totals   5127   6069
Total Europeans    10,089   12,713
Plus Maoris   59
Grand Total   10,148  12,713
Increase,  2565.

Photo captions –

Mr. G. F. Roach, Mayor of Hastings, who rendered signal service to his town during the earthquake, despite the fact that his own department stores were completely destroyed.

A transformation at Westshore. Between the star and the wharf many an exciting finish to a yacht race was witnessed before the earthquake.  To-day, as shown above, the finishing line is high and dry.

During the trying days of the first week in February, the people of Napier and Hastings learned to walk in the middle of the road to avoid falling debris. This habit still persists to some extent, as can be seen by the above, a recent scene in one of the less severely damaged streets of Napier.

Heretaunga Street, Hastings, as it appeared before the earthquake. The remarkable transformation can be noted by comparing this view with others appearing elsewhere in this issue.

10   SPECIAL HAWKE’S BAY NUMBER.    The Dominion

“ONE UNIT”

Tying of Buildings

HIGH STRUCTURES

Two Main Classes

The modern tendency of increasing the height of buildings has brought about the development of framed structures which are thoroughly tied together, forming practically one unit. For buildings exceeding three stories this is the only rational type of design, both from the viewpoint of economy of space occupied by the frame structure as against bearing walls, and also considering the calculation of stress in the various members.

Framed structures for buildings may be divided into two main classes. The oldest type consists of floor slabs supported by beams and girders which transfer the various floor loads to the columns, and through theses down to the foundations. In structural steel construction these beams and girders are for the most part treated for single spans, but in reinforced concrete work they may run over a series of spans, and if correctly designed and built will act as a continuous beam for the full length of the series. By considering them in this manner it is found that a beam of less strength is required than would be necessary if each beam was treated for a simple single span. With these beams there is also to be considered the effect on the columns as the whole frame made up of beams and columns acts as a monolithe and the stresses due to unequal and eccentric loading have to be taken up thereby.

“Flat Slab” Type.

The second type, a more recent development, is known as flat slab construction. The advantages of this type are that it gives a plane level ceiling unobstructed by beams and girders, thus making far better lighting of the floor space; also the elimination of beams and girders means that less height is required between floor slabs and in the case where the height of buildings is limited an additional floor may be worked into the height. Though considerable investigation has been made and many tests carried out, the design of this type of floor is somewhat empirical. It consists of a heavy slab without beams, designed as a plate supported at its corners and the stresses developed in this slab are essentially different to those in the case of the slab for beam and girder work. The columns in some cases have an enlarged cap and head so as to decrease the stresses in the slab at this point, but may be designed without either, in which case the slab will naturally be thickened to provide for shears and bending movement.

In both of these types of framed construction we now have to calculate for the further forces due to earthquake. The magnitude of theses is a function of the acceleration and the dead weight of the building. Knowing the relative rigidity of the beams and columns and the strength of the connection between them, the stresses from these horizontal forces can be proportioned between the various members. To take all these factors into consideration requires a thorough understanding of structural mechanics, but when it is done the resultant structure will safeguard the lives of the occupants at only slightly increased cost to the owner.

BUILDING REPAIRS

Napier Busy

WORK AHEAD

Many private property owners in the devastated areas whose premises were not rendered totally beyond repair by the big upheaval of February 3, have undertaken repairs.

An examination has been made of the new general post office at the corner of Hastings and Dickens Streets, which was gutted by the fire following the earthquake, and as a result it has been ascertained that the levels of the building have not been altered to any degree by the upheaval. The work of removing the plaster from the walls in order to examine the pillars and the concrete walls has been completed, and it is considered that these are sound and that a thorough examination of these will precede a decision to completely recondition the building throughout.

The reconditioning of the Public Trust Office is also being considered, while a start has been made with the repairs to the Hawke’s Bay Electric Power Board’s premises in Dickens Street.

REHABILITATION

Workingmen’s Complaints

ASSURANCE BY MR BARTON

When speaking to a meeting of businessmen in Hastings, Mr. J. S. Barton, chairman of the Rehabilitation Committee, referred to the importance of employing local workers on reconstruction work.

He said that he was entirely in accord with the resolution which had been sent to him from a meeting of Hastings workingmen, which read as follows: “That this meeting of workingmen point out to Mr. J. S. Barton that every workingman of this town wishes to rehabilitate himself as a worker; and that when he (Mr. Barton) is granting permission to erect new buildings, he should insist that only local labour be engaged, as that is the only means by which the workingman is able to rehabilitate himself.”

Mr. Barton pointed out, however, that it was beyond the powers of the committee to force business people to carry out the request made in the resolution. The only thing the committee could do was to morally support the principle that local labour should be employed. It was a matter for those who were letting contracts to display loyalty to their own town. The citizens’ first duty was to their own working people. The remedy was in the hands of those who let contracts, in the terms of which it should be clearly stated that local labour was to be given preference.

PROFESSIONAL CARDS

ARCHITECTS

E.A. WILLIAMS.
N.Z.I.A.,A.N.Z.S.C.E.,
REGISTERED ARCHITECT, CIVIL, AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEER.
Dalgety’s Buildings
NAPIER

CHEMISTS

G. C. BREEN
CHEMIST (By Exam.)
(Late of Port Ahuriri),
5 Clive Square West
(Adjoining Holland’s Corner),
‘Phone 583
NAPIER

BROMLEY HILL
Phe. M.P.S. (By Exam.),
CHEMIST,
THE NAPIER SOUTH PHARMACY,
62 Kennedy Road

A. HOBSON
CHEMIST
(Next door to the Strand Tea Rooms)
CLIVE SQUARE, NAPIER.

KNIGHT’S PHARMACY
(Opp. Bank N.S.W.)
HERETAUNGA ST., HASTINGS.
Qualified Dispensing Service
Good Stocks
DRUGS
PATENT MEDICINES
TOILET GOODS
PHOTO SUPPLIES
Everything New
‘Phone 136M

C. E. MANEY,
CHEMIST AND OPTICIAN,
Has recommenced business in corner shop, No. 1 Clive Square (Community Shopping Area), with complete stocks.
Our Optical Department is now fully equipped. Have your eyesight tested by a qualified optician.
Maney’s Pharmacy
NAPIER

OPTICIANS

Telephone 792   P.O. Box 31
Specialists in Lens Work.
A. M. McCLURG,F.I.O., INS. Mc (London).
Consulting Optician, Cr. Clive Square and […]
302 Market Street, HASTINGS, (on Tuesdays).

CHAS. L. THOMAS
THE PEOPLE’S OPTICIAN
23 Jull St., Napier,
EYE TESTING, DAY OR NIGHT

CHEMISTS

RODGER’S PHARMACY
HASTINGS
BUSINESS AS USUAL ON OLD SITE.
221 HERETAUNGA ST., EAST
Full New Stocks of Drugs and Chemicals.
Prescriptions Sent for and Delivered.
‘PHONE 2015.   P.O. BOX 336

Shattky & Webber
F.S.M.C.   F.I.O. (London)
Ophthalmic Opticians
May now be consulted at their former premises
Russell Street,
HASTINGS

WOODWARD’S PHARMACY
Are pleased to announce that they are re-established in their old premises in Heretaunga Street (opposite the Pacific Hotel), Hastings.
COMPLETE NEW STOCKS
ALAN GRANT, Proprietor.

DENTISTS

[…] N. Fussell.   Dr. R. I. Sutton.
FUSSELL & SUTTON,DENTISTS.
Have Resumed Practice in Premises alongside the Catholic Church.
2B MUNROE STREET, NAPIER.

R. V. C. HARRIS
DENTIST
CLIVE SQUARE, NAPIER
I BEG to announce that I have Re-opened my Surgeries with the latest and most up-to-date appliances, and may be consulted at the above address.
R. V. C. HARRIS
DENTIST
Box 158   Phone 432.
Amner’s Bldgs., CLIVE SQ.

OPTICIANS

AZZOPARDI & HOLLAND
OPTICIANS
W. S. HOLLAND
F.B.O.A. (Hons.)  F.S.M.C. (Lond.).  F.I.O. (Eng.).
NAPIER
Cr. Milton Road and Tennyson St. (Next Fire Station.)
Box 67,
‘Phone 295
HASTINGS
Opp. Lockyer’s, Heretaunga St.
‘Phone 486S.

H. M. BENNETT,
F.S.M.C. (London),  F.I.O. (Eng.),
OPTICIAN
Phone 595 for Appointments,
NAPIER.

BUSINESSES

The Pathway of Life is Littered with many obstructions…
Tread it in Griffiths’ Footwear and pass obstacles unnoticed
Griffiths’ are again giving wonderful value in Men’s, Women’s and Children’s Boots & Shoes.
Business as usual with us – so bring your feet to Griffiths’ for your next Footwear.
Griffiths’
BOOT STORE
Opposite Temporary Banks,
MARKET STREET,
HASTINGS.

LE GROVE TYPEWRITER IMPORTING CO., LTD.,
Sole Agents: UNDERWOOD TYPEWRITERS, Standard and Portable, also EDDISON-DICK MIMEOGRAPH. Typewriter Repairs a Speciality.
Manson & Barr’s Bldgs., Rangitikei Street, PALMERSTON NORTH,
ALSO
Dickens Street, NAPIER.

REBUILDING HAWKE’S BAY
W. M. ANGUS LTD.
THE BUILDING CONTRACTORS
Are prepared to accept all classes of building reconditioning, and alteration work.
WE HAVE BUILT MOST OF THE LARGE BUILDINGS THAT HAVE BEEN ERECTED IN RECENT YEARS, ALL OF WHICH SUCCESSFULLY WITHSTOOD THE EARTHQUAKE.
ENQUIRIES WELCOMED.
W. M. ANGUS LTD.
OWEN STREET, NAPIER.

GIVEN’S Shoe Store
“DRYFOOT” BOOTS, in Tan and Black, stout calf leather; bladder-lined, and water-tight.
Will serve you magnificently.
TAN 52/6   BLACK 50/-
Another excellent line – Water-tight vicolized.
BLACK and TAN only 30/-
GIVEN’S SHOE STORE
For Value   WAIPUKURAU

Wilson, Canham & Co.
KARAMU ROAD, HASTINGS,
AWATOTO   WAIPUKURAU
Phone 756   Phone 4117.   Box 255.   Phone 48
Branches New Zealand – Everywhere.
Head Office: AUCKLAND.Buyers and Exporters of
WOOL, HIDES, SHEEPSKINS, TALLOW, ETC.
Consign your Goods direct to us or write or phone and our
Buyers will call on you.  Cash on Delivery.
Branch Manager   J. R. SLOAN

FOR EXPERT LAUNDERING
THE HAWKE’S BAY STEAM LAUNDRY
IS UNSURPASSED.
HIGH-CLASS SHIRT AND COLLAR DRESSERS AND BAGWASH EXPERTS.DAILY COLLECTIONS AND DELIVERIES FREE.
Phone 430.   THACKERAY STREET, NAPIER

The Dominion   SPECIAL HAWKE’S BAY NUMBER.   11

REBUILDING NAPIER

[All advertisements]

WALKER
and
McBEATH
BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS.
Contractors to The Presbyterian Church, Napier.
All classes of Building Work Undertaken at Reasonable Prices.
ENQUIRIES INVITED
ESTIMATES WILLINGLY GIVEN.
The Efficient and Economical Builders.
Walker & McBeath
Phones 145 and 652,
Hastings St.,
NAPIER.

LEAD LIGHTS
Add Beauty to the Home
Earthquake-resisting properties need not be sacrificed if beauty of design and finish is demanded. Obtain relief from severity of design by specifying Lead Lights wherever possible, whether they be the favourite diamond panes or in one of the new designs.
Designs submitted and all work executed by
DOUGLAS PIRIE
3 KENNEDY ROAD,
NAPIER.

BUILD WITH REINFORCED BRICKS
NAPIER BRICKS LTD.
… for …
BRICKS, CEMENT, LIME, PIPES, FLUE LINERS, SHINGLE, SAND, BUILDERS’ SUPPLIES
Phone 442
NAPIER
PAKI PAKI LIME
Best for Orchardists, Farmers, Builders and Plasterers

Earthquake-Proof
CHIMNEYS
You do not expect a fire when you insure your home – or an accident when you take a cover over your Car.
But, nevertheless, you DO insure, however small the risk.
Earthquakes may never occur again, but think of the true sense of security – the freedom of worry – by building chimneys that are safe – 100 per cent. safe from “shocks.”
The “SECURITY” Pumice Chimney Block, with its reinforcing rods, has successfully withstood the destruction test – a test positively proving it to be the safest, surest, quake – resisting chimney possible to devise.
Light, strong, inexpensive and easy to erect, but, above all, fortified with steel rods from top to bottom, making a chimney definitely shock proof for all time. Be fair to your family – specify “SECURITY.”
Let us send you Free Booklet.
Once a Chimney always a Chimney.
The C. & A. Odlin Timber & Hardware Co., Ltd.
WELLINGTON   NAPIER   HASTINGS
“Security ” Blocks made by the Reinforced Pumice Chimney Co., Hastings

12   SPECIAL HAWKE’S BAY NUMBER.   The Dominion

ORDER OUT OF CHAOS

Organising a Town

HOW HASTINGS FACED ITS TASK

Within a few hours of the earthquake on February 3, Hastings had organised its relief depots, clearing stations, patrols, and other urgent services in such an efficient manner as to win the admiration of all New Zealand. During the days immediately following the disaster, the name of Sergeant-Major O’Leary was regularly in the news as a result of the efficient organisation he introduced. Sergeant-Major O’Leary now tells the story of those trying days to readers of “The Dominion.”

“At a quarter to eleven on February 3, 1931, business was being carried on as usual in Napier and Hastings, but five minutes later nothing but death and devastation could be seen; the very suddenness of the disaster shook even the stoutest spirits. Someone afterward compared it to the war, but apart from the appearance of the town the simile does not apply. In wartime one was always prepared in some degree and at least expected that something was likely to happen at any moment,” stated Sergeant-Major O’Leary, of Hastings, when reviewing the disastrous Hawke’s Bay earthquake and the manner in which it affected Hastings. After the quake Sergeant-Major O’Leary was in charge of the relief organisation at Hastings.

“After the first stunning blow, men and women rushed from houses and shops, many believing that the end of the world had arrived. For at least five minutes all seemed stupefied, then realisation came – there were poor unfortunate beings trapped in the wrecked buildings, and so the rescue work began and continued until it was believed that all who were alive had been rescued.

“By the greatest of good fortune, almost every child attending school was outside at the time of the quake; had it been otherwise the tale might have been different, for although some of the wooden buildings stood the shake, the danger of the children being jammed in doorways in their frantic endeavours to escape might have led to scores being injured. As it was there were no deaths among the Hastings school children.

“Hampered as they were by the failure of the water supply, the fire brigade had no envious task in trying to check the fires. It is certainly worth recording that when the main fire was at its worst on Tuesday night and every possible precaution was being taken to prevent the fire spreading, the superintendent, Mr. R. Henderson, was prepared, if the fire crossed Karamu Road, to blow down with gelignite certain buildings. However, the restoration of the water supply at 2 a.m. on Wednesday and its prompt use by the brigade rendered this course unnecessary. By 3 o’clock the fire menace was definitely checked as far as Hastings was concerned.

“Almost as soon as the shock was over, Sister Williams, of Royston Hospital, realising that there was plenty of work for doctors and nurses, rushed all her undamaged plant to the tea kiosk on the racecourse and started to organise an emergency hospital. Mattresses, blankets, bandages and other required articles were soon requisitioned; volunteers were not lacking, and many nurses with war-time experience at once reported for duty.

“What the sufferers owe to this grand band of women, led by one who lived up to the highest traditions of her profession, no one will know. Doctors and nurses came from all parts of the North Island to render assistance, and supplies of drugs were rushed through from many towns. Fortunately there was never any shortage, despite wild rumours to the contrary.

“With the first hour over, some of the leading men of the town met and decided to call a general meeting, the first idea being to form a vigilance committee. The meeting, which was held at 2 p.m., elected a committee with Colonel N. Holderness as chairman. Mr. Slater, who was appointed as food controller, decided to take over the King’s Theatre, a large wooden building that had not been destroyed, as a food depot. Supplies of groceries and meat were arranged for locally, and later at night telegrams were dispatched to the Mayors of Palmerston North, Woodville, Dannevirke and Waipukurau, asking them to supply in all 6000 loaves of bread for delivery on Wednesday. These orders were met, and from then the feeding of the Hastings community became a fairly simple one.

“The committee decided to picquet the streets to prevent looting. A force was selected from the returned soldiers, territorials, officers and N.C.O’s. and ex-territorials, who were really special police. The force was organised at the drill hall by myself and handed over to Major A. J. Manson, M.C. The first sentries were posted on the streets at six o’clock, with instructions to allow no one into the devastated area who had no permit. The force which was about 80 strong, was taken over three days later by Major Penlington, of the staff of the Hastings High School, who commanded it until it was disbanded.

“Owing to the destruction of the telegraph and the railway lines the town was cut off from the outside world until nine at night, when a telegraph office was established at the railway bus office. From then on the town was never out of communication. However, before the lines were restored Mr. J. Mills had his wireless going and was able to give some very valuable information to the authorities in Wellington.

“The position of the power-house in Hastings is unique in that if it should go out of commission, not only light, but water and sewerage must stop as all these pumps are here also. The big shake badly affected one wall, which sagged out in an alarming fashion. Despite the danger the staff worked desperately to get the pumps going again, and after the second big shock at nine o’clock at night, with the roof principals only just holding, they stuck to their tasks. Water was made available to the fire brigade, after which they shored up the building. Hastings is particularly proud of these men.

“So came Wednesday morning, and by nine o’clock it had been ascertained where almost all the bodies of those who were known to be killed were located.

“The food supply was now well on the way to becoming organised; meat supplies were available, all three freezing works making donations to the food controller.

“By midday most of our towns-people who had slept out in the open on Tuesday night had become divided into two classes: those who wanted to bolt and those who realised their duties as citizens. Fortunately for the town the former class were in the great minority.

“As a supply of tents had been made available by the Defence department front lawns changed rapidly in appearance,

“Temporary fireplaces were built up in back yards, and became a great trial on the tempers of the users. By Wednesday night the situation was well in hand. All the people seemed hopeful.

“At 7 p.m. the deputy-mayor called a meeting, which was held outside the Municipal Building. Most of the borough councillors were present at this meeting. It was decided to concentrate on conservation of water, disconnection of all electrical services until tested, and two councillors (Councillors Baker and Cohr) were appointed to take over the supervision of covering the roofs of damaged houses.

“Gangs of grave-diggers, mortuary, hospital workers, clearing-gangs to recover bodies, were organised.

“During the evening Inspector Cummings arrived to make arrangement for bigger gangs to go on the work of recovering bodies. This was done and Thursday morning some 450 men were on this duty.

“On Thursday morning some of the bigger shopkeepers started to salvage goods from their damaged premises and remove them to safer places.

“A party of bluejackets arrived from Napier, and spent the day searching for bodies.

“At 11 o’clock it was decided to open the Drill Hall as a food depot, and to deal with the whole question on the principle of wholesale and retail depots. The back portion of the Drill Hall was taken as a bulk store and placed under Mr. Harold Roach, whose work saved the committee hundreds of pounds.

“The question of boots and clothing now had to be considered, as the arduous work of shifting bricks played havoc with workers’ clothing.

“The committee appointed Mr. H. Baird to control the issue of these articles. Had this been strictly adhered to much expense would have been saved. However, it would seem in a time of stress such as this there are some people who must sign orders for something. It was this indiscriminate issuing of orders that was so abused. Genuine workers were left out, while some of the ones who hung around the depots obtained orders for all kinds of goods.

“On Wednesday evening the “Tribune” made its reappearance, being printed and published from the workrooms of Mr. P. J. S. George in Karamu Road. It is hard to estimate the value of this publication, but it might suffice to say that though the sheet was only about 12 inches by 9 inches it not only contained quite a lot of essential news but had very decided effect on the public in the way of restoring confidence. These sheets, which were published daily up to February 14, were literally worth their weight in gold.

“On Thursday the sewers were tested and found to be intact. This information was conveyed to the public per medium of a “dodger,” and marked the passing of the period of uncertainty as to whether the town would have to be evacuated. The electrical engineer, Mr Scott, announced that 800 gallons of water a minute was being pumped into the sewers. This was good news indeed.

“On Thursday morning the Red Cross Society, which had arrived from Wellington the previous day, opened a cookhouse in the main school grounds and a food supply depot at the school itself.

“The Railway Department’s officers had by Thursday completed the repairs, and trains were able to come through again on Friday. This very important work on the permanent way was carried out in a manner that reflects the greatest credit on all concerned.

“The advisability of evacuating all the injured from the racecourse hospital was now considered and it was decided to shift them to Waipukurau, Palmerston North and Wellington.

“Mr. G. F. Roach, mayor of Hastings, returned home on Friday morning after having a very hard trip over all sorts of roads in his endeavour to get back. He called the committee together at 2 o’clock and took over from the deputy-mayor, Mr. R. Henderson, who had put in three terrifically hard days with all the work of two men on his shoulders. By this time the food controller had devised a scheme which brought the population under three headings:- (1) Those able to pay for their food; (2) those who voluntary workers and who would receive free rations as long as they remained on this work; (3) the destitute who would receive food free.

“This question of free food evidently appealed to a lot of people who were non-residents of Hastings, and within three days we had about 300 of them living on the fat of the land at our expense. This led to a system of registration being devised to protect all bona-fide residents and to prevent these outsiders from obtaining food. This was achieved by the issue of ration cards to all who were on either the borough or H.B. electoral roll. The outsiders promptly moved to Napier and went into camps there, from where they were later dislodged.

“By Sunday, 8th, confidence had returned and there was plenty of evidence of the desire to get back to business.

“This return of confidence was really the outcome of a combination of things. Chiefly one might suggest was the attitude of the committee in tackling everything that presented itself right from its inception. No praise can be too high for its work.

“Throughout this period the police, who had charge of the removal of all bodies recovered and were keeping the records of all persons killed, had had a very strenuous time. However, they carried out the onerous duties with credit to all.

“On February 9, the committee having decided to adopt the registration system, Mr. S. Averill was appointed registration officer. He at once organised a staff at St. Matthew’s Sunday Schoolroom, and started what, without question, turned out to be the greatest safeguard the town could have had.

“The ration card system brought the average daily amount of foodstuff passing through the depots down from £800 a day to £350 a day, because with the card, once it was clipped there could be no second issue.

“The salvaging operations in the devastated area were sufficiently completed by February 1 [ 11] to warrant the taking off of the special police. These were accordingly disbanded.

“On February 11, at the citizens’ committee meeting, it was moved: ‘That as the emergency is now passed, the citizens’ committee now cease to function and the control of the town go back to the borough council.’ This was carried and a small advisory committee was set up to advise the council on certain matters.

INSURANCE FIGURES

Total insurances on buildings and stocks in the business area of Napier, Port Ahuriri, Hastings and Wairoa £4,131,000

Total insurances on stocks in those areas are: -Napier   £731,300Port Ahuriri   £154,759Wairoa   £114,937Hastings   £548,339Total   £1,545,335

These figures, of course, do not take into account the insurances on private residences and on buildings outside the business areas of the towns mentioned.

Photo captions –

Main Street, Waipawa, as it appears to-day – little evidence of destruction remains.

A busy reconstruction scene in Queen Street, Hastings. Business offices under repair

A Problem in Reconstruction. An idea of the rehabilitation problems in the smaller settlements of Hawke’s Bay may be gained from the above illustration. It shows the main passage in the Te Pohue Hotel, 30 miles north of Napier, a wooden hostelry that was completely wrecked.

Hastings after the earthquake and to-day.  The above views afford an excellent idea of the reconstruction work that has been carried out, since February 3.

The Dominion   SPECIAL HAWKE’S BAY NUMBER.   13

REBUILDING NAPIER

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10 TORY STREET, WELLINGTON
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14   SPECIAL HAWKE’S BAY NUMBER.   The Dominion

FOOD SUPPLIES.

Emergency Organisation

AN INTERESTING RECORD

One of the most urgent problems following the earthquake was the need for food supplies, particularly in Napier and Hastings. How supplies were commandeered, and organised, reads like a page from the history of the Great war, so efficient and complete were the methods employed. Mr. C. H. Slater, who was appointed Food Controller at Hastings, explains the working of the scheme in the following article.

The first thing I did after being appointed controller was to look for suitable premises. It was suggested at the general meeting that I obtain a vacant section and commandeer marquees. This seemed to me to be totally inadequate, so I drove around portions of the town that were clear on a tour of inspection. I decided that the King’s Theatre, which is a wooden building, was most suitable, so I immediately took possession of it, and surrounded myself with suitable helpers. The selection of my helpers was in my opinion the best thing I did. I was fortunate in being able to receive the assistance of such men as Barton Hobbs, accountant; R. D. Brown, accountant; Mr. Woods, Manager, de Pelichet, McLeod, Ltd.; Ralph Paynter, President of Fruitgrowers’ Association; Harold Roach, Grocery Department Manager; Yates Grocery Manager; M. Kershburg, Commercial Traveller; Major Manson; F. S. Budd, local Manager A.M.P Society, and various others.

At the East and West entrances to Hastings a notice was printed on the main street as follows: – “FOOD – KING’S THEATRE.”

The next thing I did was to send messengers to all the bakehouses and inquire into the position, and ask them to stop selling bread and deliver all supplies to the King’s Theatre. Another messenger was sent to the Heretaunga Dairy co., to ascertain the position re butter. Milk supplies we did not worry about, as it was obvious that there would be no shortage.

It was found that some of the bake-houses were seriously damaged, while others were only slightly damaged. We concentrated on the ones that were only slightly damaged and had them repaired quickly. Telegrams were sent to other towns asking them to urgently rail bread. There was a shortage on the day following the ‘quake, but the second day we had full supplies from other towns. We then detailed one man to keep in touch with the bake-houses and report the position to me every two hours. In this way it only took a few days to get the bread question under control, and reduce the supply from outside towns as our own services were restored.

Meat Supplies

We then borrowed a butcher’s block and other necessary requirement from a damaged shop and set up a butchery in one part of our premises, and detailed a man to inquire into the position of meat in cool storage. We found that the Paki Paki Freezing Works were badly damaged and that unlimited quantities of meat was available at very small cost as the Freezing Works plant had broken down and the meat would only keep for a little time. When meat was no longer obtainable from this source we got into touch with Tomoana, who offered to supply us with ewe mutton at 2d.per lb. As sheep were selling particularly cheap at the time we detailed a man to make arrangements to kill mutton on a farm, and just as we had arrangements completed we were pleased to find that Tomoana had made arrangement for slaughtering, so we appointed a stock buyer and were able to but first-class ewe mutton at a penny and an eighth per lb. delivered to our shop. To show the volume of food we were distributing we were using from 150 to 200 carcases of mutton per day at one period.

Immediately I took control notices were issued that everyone who was able to pay for food was expected to do so, and those who were able to pay but were temporarily out of cash through the banks being closed, or for similar reasons, were able to obtain food on credit. Those who were not in a position to pay were given food free of charge. In no instance was anyone refused food.

Rationing Supplies

To relieve the pressure at the King’s Theatre a branch was opened at the Drill Hall and people were able to receive supplies from either depot. It seemed to us at the time that it wold be a long time before order was restored, and that, in the meantime, there were hundreds of able bodied men idle and yet had to be fed, so we decided to call for voluntary workers to clear up the debris irrespective of whether it was on private property or on roads. These men received no wages but were given supplies of food according to the size of their family. A single man was allowed 3/- worth daily; a married man without children 4/- and so on with a limit of 8/6 per day. Those men who were not required but who had offered their services were given a slightly lower scale of rations, and those who were unable to work or did not offer their services were given a slightly lower scale of ration still.

Any one requiring voluntary work applied to the man in charge at the Borough Yards. He was then supplied with a coupon. This coupon was presented at the King’s theatre where we had from two to six clerks who would write on the back of the coupon the requirements of the applicant. This coupon was presented at the counter, goods supplied and coupon filed.

District Supplies

Two day after the quake the country people started coming in for supplies, and this seemed as if it was going to be a serious problem. However I asked each district to for a committee, make out their requirements and dispatch one man to Hastings for supplies. This man was given the supplies he required and was asked to account for the distribution. He had either to pay for them or give us details of who received them so that we could either charge them direct or give it to them free of charge as the position warranted it. This only lasted for a short time and we decided to allow the local store keeper in each district to act as our agent. We supplied him with the necessities, charged him direct and he was to pay us in cash or by accounts he was unable to collect due to the earthquake, but not for goods supplied previous to the quake. This arrangement proved quite satisfactory.

A meeting of my associates was held every morning at 7.30 and the problems of the previous day discussed and remedies suggested. This was very helpful.

Several shops were salvaged and the goods taken to our depots, and to put things on a proper basis for checking purposes we established a wholesale warehouse where salvaged or commandeered food stuffs was concentrated and checked off, and each distributing centre debited with what it received.

A canteen for voluntary workers was established by Mr. Gifford (solicitor). This was a very popular institution, and it was wonderful the number of meals supplies with only a boiler. We were able to procure good supplies of cooked meats such as hams, sausage royal, etc. and willing helpers spent hours and hours making sandwiches and brewing tea. This department, which was situated at the rear of the King’s Theatre was probably the most popular institution in Hastings at the time and was in charge of Mrs. Arkens, who supplied a cheery smile with every cup of tea and sandwich.

The Hon. Mr. Masters, when paying a visit, was so interested in our methods that he decided to go through the whole performance. In the first instance he was sent to St. Mathew’s Schoolroom and registered as a voluntary worker, received his ration card, which was signed by myself, as no one else was prepared to commit perjury, presented his ticket to the clerk, and went to receive his supplies at the counter, but here his courage failed and he made no application.

Cheerful Spirit.

Although most of us had sustained very heavy losses, there was no grouching among the helpers, and it was really wonderful how everyone worked for the good of the community.

Praise is due to the majority of the unemployed. Hundreds of them answered the call for voluntary workers, and there was always more labour offering than work to be found.

The Red Cross was a very great help to us, and after we had our first conference we worked in absolute harmony.

Day of Reckoning.

Of course, there was the inevitable reckoning-day. In some instances shopkeepers who had their premises damaged sent perishable goods to our depots, stating that they were of no use to them and that we may as well have them, but after things had settled down some of them sent in their accounts for the goods supplied, and then, again, there was a considerable amount of adjusting require with commandeered foots, fittings, etc., but generally speaking the position has been satisfactorily cleared up. In almost every instance we were met generously, shopkeepers being content with cost prices less 10 per cent. to allow for any damaged stuff, but in one or two instances a profit was demanded.

NEW WOOL STORES

Two Big Structures

PROVISION FOR NEXT CLIP

To provide storage for next season’s wool clip, mercantile firms with headquarters in Napier are taking immediate steps to replace wool sheds at Port Ahuriri which were destroyed, and to recondition those buildings which are not beyond repair. Plans for the treatment of seven large structures have been finalised.

A new No. 4 store, to be built for Messrs. Williams and Kettle, Ltd., replacing the old No.4 and No. 5 stores, will be an enormous structure, with total floor space of 2½ acres. The building, which will be of two stories, will extend from Colin Street through to Domett Street, and 132 feet from Domett Street. It will completely cover a section of 1¼ acres. The structure will have a steel frame, with timber and iron walls, and a sawtooth roof.

Other work for Messrs. Williams and Kettle includes the reconditioning of No. 2 (produce) store and the reconditioning of No. 3 (wool) store, both of which are on West Quay.

A one story building covering a section of 1¼ acres is also to be built for Messrs. Murray, Roberts, and Co., Ltd. This block will have frontages to three thoroughfares – Waghorne and Customs Streets and Hardinge Road. The structure will have a steel frame.

The reconditioning of three stores for Messrs. Dalgety and Co., Ltd., will also be undertaken. No. 1 (produce) store, on the West Quay, a structure with a frontage of 66 feet and a depth of 144 feet, is already being put in order again, and a start has also been made with No. 2 (wool) store, covering half an acre, the steel frame of which is being straightened by the use of jacks without the removal of the material of which the walls consist. The work on No.3 (wool) store, at the corner of Bridge and Lever Streets consists of reconditioning the lower story and rebuilding the upper floor.

Much of the material necessary for the work, especially the steel for the construction of the two new stores, has already been ordered.

NAPIER’S RETAILERS

Unusually Good Business

AN AUCKLAND VIEW

Commercial travellers say that Napier, for its size, is one of the best business towns in New Zealand to-day and there appears no reason for doubting the statement when one sees the steady flow of trade in the shops, says the “New Zealand Herald’s” special reporter. Another surprising fact for the stranger is that the price standard is low, and a third is that more trade is being done on a cash basis than for many a day.

Who would have dreamed, when standing among the ruins four months ago, that all that is implied by brisk business would have been realised so soon? No doubt the calmer and most far-sighted minds at the time foresaw the day when the Napier population would be back to something near normal, but the severity of the economic blow must have made them believe that the process of re-establishment even in the domestic sphere would be very gradual.

But the knotted knout of harsh adversity did not cut deep enough to prostrate the victim for long. Napier’s business tells the story of quick recovery. As soon as shops were stocked there was a rush for household necessaries, from pots and pans to beds and blankets, from crockery to clocks.

Brisk Cash Transactions.

The remarkable thing was that with little credit available so many people came with their cash in hand. And the more casual winds of trades were similarly stimulated by the fact that so much money was soon being distributed each week in wages.

It was early realised that Napier had become for the time being a work-man’s town, and the commissioner promptly agreed to the traders’ suggestion that the late night should be changed from Friday to Saturday. Now on Saturday nights the verandah that runs round the two market blocks in Clive Square is so densely packed that the railing to prevent people being pushed over the edge on to the garden plot which runs between the verandah and the street footpath is an absolute necessity.

Although there are people who be-moan the utilisation of this garden park as a site for the community shopping blocks, an indication, one would say, that sense of proportion received an earthquake jolt, the decision was a master stroke. The Government found the £10,000 necessary and the building was ready in about three weeks. First preference as lessees of the shops was given to those whose premises had been destroyed, and the rent was fixed at one halfpenny per square foot of floor space per week. Thus they have a rental charge that is only a bagatelle. Men who used to pay £7 and £8 a week pay perhaps £1.

Shops’ Turnover Rapid.

The size of the shops varies, but when it is realised that for one 20ft. by 30ft. Only £1 5s a week is paid, it is apparent that overhead has been cut to a very considerable extent.

The stocks are not very large, the average practice being to buy in small quantities, but the turnover is rapid and there are warehouses in New Zealand which have reason to rue some hesitancy they displayed over granting credit to customers at the reopening. In the main, however, the retailers have a good work [word] for the merchants, who were not afraid to supply stocks before there was any means of gauging the extent of the coming trade. Practically all the stocks are entirely new, and the shopkeepers have no present burden of “dead” stock.

The factors which have brought about a low standard of rental prices are cheap rent, the absence of the burden of “dead” stock, and the fact that traders have been able to buy on a falling market. An idea of the benefit to the consumer may be gathered from the fact that a mercer is able to sell for 25s. a standard line of men’s trousers which he could not do for less than 29s. 6d. in his old shop.

One unfortunate feature is that few employees are required by the shop keepers. Some shops are run as family concerns and others are carried on by the partners. One might quote the case of a firm of men’s outfitters who formerly paid an overhead in rent and wages of £50 a week. To-day they pay a rent of 29/- and pay no wages. Most of the employees, however, have found places. Several of the men have opened small businesses, one tailoress has taken over a boarding house, and the cutter is in Auckland in a job. Possibly this business today is returning a greater profit to its owners than formerly, and it is not building up book debts.

The return to a cash basis of business is hailed with enthusiasm by the traders, who say that credit had been carried to extremes in Napier. Much of the money was safe, but it meant that interest provision had to be made in the price lists, a provision which, as usual, was anything but beneficial to the cash buyer.

Prompted by the stringency of the times, the wife of a well-to-do business man tried the experiment of buying the household requirements personally, instead of ordering by telephone. She bought her groceries, meat, fish and vegetables in the best market she could find, and found that she reduced her month’s account by £4.

Higher Private Rents.

The traders who had the right to premises in the community shopping block have an advantage over those who are using private temporary premises in the vicinity. There, rentals of £3 a week are being paid for a similar amount of space. But there is no sign of cessation in the expansion of the temporary shopping area. Everyday new places are coming into use, a sure indication that there is money to be made.

The question of the distribution of State aid will affect future plans in regard to permanent business premises. There is no doubt that most business people expected an allocation upon a much less exacting system than that indicated in the policy statement of the Rehabilitation Committee.

When asked if the country could possibly make good the loss of everyone irrespective of his ability to help himself, they admit that this would not be possible, but at the same time they consider that the man who has conserved and built up his resources should not be penalised. However, it is not a question that need be discussed here.

The main point is that the rehabilitation policy will soon let business people know where they stand, and the sooner they know it the sooner permanent rebuilding on a wide scale will commence.  Obviously State aid must be distributed on the community value principle, and if ability to pay must carry its responsibilities in this matter, it will just be the same as the operation of taxation principles, which, of course, are far from pleasant to those on the highest scale.

Modern Spanish will be the style of the new Taradale hotel to replace the wrecked building.

Plans have been completed for the building, which will be of one story, and will be constructed of ferro-concrete, with cream plaster walls, picked out with coloured tiles and edges. The whole structure will be built around a spacious, open, paved court, in the middle of which will be a fountain and pool.

The building will occupy approximately the same ground as the old hotel, and will be 80 feet long and 68 wide. Nine bedrooms, exclusive of quarters for staff, will be provided, and there will also be a sitting-room, parlour and a large dining-room. Rubber tiling will be used in many of the corridor spaces inside the building, which will be surrounded by a brick kerb, within which will be placed plots and small gardens and lawns.

Photo captions –

One of the many scenes of great earth movements in the back country north of Napier.

Mr. A. E. Jull, M.P., chairman of the Napier Harbour Board.

Replacing a familiar landmark.  Messrs. Roach’s temporary premises, Hastings, erected on the site of their wrecked department stores.

The Dominion   SPECIAL HAWKE’S BAY NUMBER.   15

REBUILDING NAPIER

[Advertisement]
A Building the Earthquake Failed to Damage
E.A. WILLIAMS, F.N.Z.I.A., Architect.
The above is Dalgety’s Napier Building, and show how the structure appeared a few days after the earthquake.
Erected in reinforced concrete, on a grill foundation, the building emerged from the severe test of the earthquake period undamaged by either earthquake or fire.
The architect was Mr. E.A. Williams, Dalgety’s Building, Napier, while the building contractors were
Lowry and Hamilton,
BUILDING CONTRACTORS,
PHONE 122,
154 NELSON CRESCENT,
NAPIER.

[…]

16   SPECIAL HAWKE’S BAY NUMBER.   The Dominion

Productive Hawke’s Bay

Growing Value of Exports

WIDE RANGE OF PRODUCTS

The point of view that the people in the earthquake area would have wished the Government to take in drawing up its relief legislation, and in deciding the amount of money that the state would make available for restoration purposes, was rather vividly expressed in a figure of speech used by a local speaker at a gathering of business men. “Let us look at New Zealand as being a great business,” he said. “The earthquake area is a profitable branch of that business, and has always paid good dividends. Owing to earthquake the business of that branch is wiped out. What are you going to do about it? No small part of your profits was derived from it. Is it worth while putting into running order again, or is it not?”

THE province of Hawke’s Bay certainly has borne a creditable share in building up the wealth of this country, and it is very really a matter that touches everybody that its agricultural and pastoral industries, and its not unimportant manufactures, should be restored to their former working. Napier and Hastings are not, of course, Hawke’s Bay; but the two towns and their close neighbourhood sustain a good deal more than half of the whole population of the province, and the fact that Napier is a provincial seaport, and, from the point of view of inward and outward shipping,  next in size to the ports at the four main city centres, gives the province a considerable importance.

Wool, meat, meat by-products, dairy produce, and fruit, which are the main products of Hawke’s Bay’s soil, reach annual average value of about five and a half millions of pounds sterling. Timber, honey, pork and other products are produced in considerable quantities, and the annual production figures show a perceptible progress from year to year. Dairy produce from the Napier-Hastings area, for example, has more than once doubled from one year to another, and in five years the apple exports from the orchards in the Hastings and Havelock North district rose from 20,000 cases to approximately 250,000.

Figures published in the annual production returns of the Department of Agriculture show that Hawke’s Bay heads the list in New Zealand in stock carried per occupied acre, that its sheep carry the second heaviest fleeces, that it produces a good deal the most wool; per acre, and that the yield per tree of its commercial orchards is substantially the heaviest. In some sorts of production, namely, in timber, dairy products, minerals, etc., the province is greatly outstripped by other parts of New Zealand. Nevertheless, its industries and their present and potential wealth are extremely well worth fostering; and, now that they have been so sorely set back by earthquake damage, worth restoring to their former prosperity.

These remarks may prompt the reader to observe to himself that it was not sheep and dairy herds that were killed by the earthquake, but human beings; that the illustrated papers showed no farms destroyed, but only town business premises. Though thousands of pounds worth of wool was burnt in the stores at Port Ahuriri, and though many farmers lost their homes, those observations may be said to be for the most part true. That however is not the point. The wealth of the district, which is to all intents and purposes purely a farming district, was depleted to the extent of some millions of pounds. In many instances directly, and in other instances indirectly, it was the farmer’s wealth that was destroyed. The pastoral and other industries that have created the wealth of the earthquake area will have to pay for damage in the long run.

What the industries of the province mean to it may be described in rather greater detail if their importance is to be realised.

Sheep and Wool

Fat lambs, fat sheep, and fat cattle share with wool-growing primary importance as sources of the wealth of Hawke’s Bay. The soil upon which they are grown is of a uniformly good quality, but in many parts is of extraordinary fertility. The excellence of the province’s climate adds another great natural advantage, and the rainfall is sufficient yet moderate and usually well distributed throughout the year. Much of the land, particularly on the Heretaunga Plains to the south of Hastings, lends itself ideally to irrigation, and, like all the soil of the district, is extraordinarily responsive to such treatment. “The immense fertility and the great variety of the crops that can be grown on the Heretaunga Plains have given this district some of the finest pastoralists in the world,” said Dr. D. L. Freeman, of the Department of Agriculture. “And,” he added, “I know of no other place where you will find such splendid cattle.”

It may justly be claimed that Hawke’s Bay is capable of producing any of the sort of crop that are grown in New Zealand; expecting, of course, such crops as are peculiar to the semitropical climate of the Far North. The district has in recent years come into some prominence on account of its wonderful crops of rye-grass. The district is the Dominion’s largest producer of that crop.

The meat-killing and refrigerating industry is another source of considerable and increasing wealth to the district, and the three works adjacent to Hastings, according to recent returns kill approximately 500,000 sheep, 1,000,000 lambs, and 20,000 cattle, a total of 1,520,000 head. The three works mentioned are Borthwick’s at Paki Paki (completely destroyed by the earthquake), Nelson’s Ltd. (Tomoana) and the Hawke’s Bay Farmers’ Meat Co. (Whakatu). The Wairoa works were destroyed by fire two days after the earthquake. The Tomoana and Whakatu works were so badly damaged that they had to suspend operations for several weeks.

As elsewhere in this country, so in Hawke’s Bay the dairying industry is of growing importance. In the earthquake area it centres about the Heretaunga Dairy Co. at Hastings, and the history of that company’s progress is indicative of the progress made in dairying in the northern Hawke’s Bay district. Twenty-five years ago its output was about 80 tons of butter. In 1910, with a total output of 115 tons, the company entered the export trade. Between 1927 and 1928 the output almost doubled, and in the latter year (which was a good year for prices) the export of dairy products from Napier were valued at £285,000. The Heretaunga Company’s factory is equipped to handle 1600 tons of butter, and its plant was added to by the purchase of the Waipukurau Dairy Co. two or three years ago.

Fruit Export.

The most remarkable progress made by any of Hawke’s Bay’s industries, however, is that of the fruit export trade. Eleven years ago the fruit export trade was of negligible value to Hawke’s Bay. Only about 4 per cent. of the crop was exported, and, the district now ranks second only to Nelson as fruit producing province. In 1925, the first year in which Hawke’s Bay sent fruit to overseas markets, the total shipments amounted to only 20,500 cases. The next year 100,300 cases were sent abroad; in 1930 about 250,000, and very slightly fewer this year. About 120 acres of new orchard are planted each year, meaning that about 10,000 or more trees are coming newly into bearing to swell the district’s output on to the markets in New Zealand and abroad each season.

As is well known – so well known that a brief mention of the industry will suffice – woolgrowing is of extreme importance to the earthquake area, and not only to the farmer, but equally so to the town dweller in the two stricken centres. Hawke’s Bay ranks second to Wellington from the point of view of the quantity of wool sold at auction. In fact, nearly half the wool sold in New Zealand is sold at the auctions in Wellington and Napier.

In recent years Hawke’s Bay has shown the largest increase among the larger woolgrowing districts of the country, and there are at present ample indications that the rate of progress will be steadily maintained for some time to come.

The facts stated above, together with other facts bearing on what has been said in this article, may be summarised in the following way: –

Hawke’s Bay has several distinctly important industries – woolgrowing, refrigerating, fruitgrowing, and dairying. Everyone of those industries, at the time of the earthquake, was showing a considerable increase, and dairying and fruitgrowing were showing remarkable increases.

The province was second in importance in woolgrowing and fruitgrowing.

Napier was the fifth most important seaport in New Zealand, importing about £900,000 worth of goods annually, and exporting about £4,500,000 worth. Thus the port handled trade worth about £5,500,000 every year.

The province paid out annually £627,000 in factory wages, the great bulk of factories being those at Napier and three freezing works on the outskirts of Hastings.

Factory production totals yearly about £4,500,000, and the province owns about £2,500,000 of fixed assets in factories.

These facts certainly go a long way toward emphasising the belief that the industrial restoration of the earthquake area should be looked upon not as a matter of sentimental appeal, but as a matter touching closely upon the national prosperity, and largely contributing to it.

WATER AND DRAINAGE

Big Scheme in Hand

Napier’s water supply and drainage system was completely disorganised by the earthquake, but temporary measures were promptly introduced to overcome these problems. The complete scheme of reconstruction is now in hand under the direction of the Borough Engineer, Mr. H. R. Climie, M.I.E.E., A.M.I.C.E., whose review appears below.

In regard to drainage, the more serious breaks on the hills have been repaired, and the drains there generally are functioning. On the flats at Napier South and at the Port, few of the drains are functioning. Temporary measures have been taken to permit their use for waste water. Ninety per cent of the pipes are found to be broken. The existing drains are therefore being discarded and the whole system re-designed. This involves a great deal of field work, and the civil engineering staff has been reorganised in order to deal with it. Three surveyors are at present employed. In the meantime one contract for the main sewer in Napier South has been let, and is almost completed. The subsidiary sewers on this section are being re-constructed with labour obtained under the No. 5 scheme. With the co-operation of the Labour Department these gangs are being better organised and doubled in number and provided with more suitable plant. Already six such gangs are employed. Contracts for the deeper sewers in Napier South will be let from time to time as the plans are completed.

Water Supply

In regard to the water supply, the inflow from the wells after the ‘quake was reduced by 40 per cent. A contract was accordingly let to Mr. Stewart for three new six-inch wells. The first of these has been completed and diverted temporarily into the existing system. The measured discharge of this well at the ground surface was over half a million gallons per day. Full use of this and other wells is only possible by installing a new pumping station in the midst of the wells, instead of being threequarters of a mile away as at present. A scheme on these lines has been adopted.

Photo captions –

Heretaunga Street, Hastings, the principal business thoroughfare of a thriving town. The above view taken a few days ago, shows little evidence of earthquake havoc, but many of their structures are merely temporary replacements of larger buildings.

Reconstructing a block of offices in Queen Street, Hastings, an important legal and mercantile section of the town.

A bird’s-eye view of the community shopping centre of Napier as it appears today. In these temporary iron structures the majority of the retailers cater for the public. Neat little shops line all four sides of these great square buildings.

The Dominion   SPECIAL HAWKE’S BAY NUMBER.   17

WHAT DOES THE FUTURE HOLD?

Hawke’s Bay’s Grave Concern

REHABILITATION FUNDS INADEQUATE

Out of a pride which is not only excusable but even commendable, the people of the earthquake stricken area of Hawke’s Bay have chosen to broadcast the information that business is as usual, and that “things are back to normal.” Such statements are only to the credit of a people who, ever since the earthquake smote them so terribly on February 3, have refused to allow themselves to be daunted by circumstance. Also there is a certain amount of truth in such claims, but when they are examined they are found to depend upon so many qualifications, and so many ‘if’s” that they lose a great deal of their value.

IF the restoration of the earthquake area depended upon courage, fine resolution, and a determination to remain impervious to the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, the people of Napier and Hastings and of the rest of the afflicted district would need nobody’s help. In those things their wealth has not diminished. But alas! In spite of the philosopher’s dictum that money is a curse, money must come to the aid of the moral qualities in this instance.

It is true that to some extent Napier and Hastings are doing business as usual. Shops are open once more, the produce of the farms is being handled in the towns, children are back at school again, supplies of water and electricity are available, men are back in their offices or shops, and again the people parade the streets unhindered by police or pickets. Money is in circulation, and some shopkeepers will tell you that business is good.

Where the Money Comes From.

Where is the money coming from? That is the mystery for the visitor, but those whose business it is to know will tell you that the more money there is, apart from the money provided by the Government and by contributors to the relief funds, the worse, in a way, for the earthquake district.

Men in such occupations as law, accountancy, and banking, or in any occupation which deals with domestic finance, will tell you unreservedly that it is true that in some quarters there is a good deal of ready cash providing  a flow of money into the trade of the district; but they will tell you that the money has come from sources where it had been best left untouched. Hundreds of people, a “Dominion” representative was told by one man well qualified to know the facts, have realised on their nest-eggs, and have brought into currency sums of cash or small securities which they had provided either against old age or against some unhoped-for contingency. Again, there were others who, as a result of thrift and self-denial, had saved for a better home, a small speculation, or a trip abroad. It is from such people that the bulk of the cash now circulating is derived. In a larger way, business people similarly have realised on securities and have added to the store of ready cash. Several men whose dealings bring them in the way of getting such knowledge bore out those statements, and there seems to be no doubt of their truth.

The great and supremely obvious fact, however, is that you cannot destroy almost the whole of the business premises of two fair-sized towns, burn hundreds of thousands of pounds’ worth of stock, smash up much of the roads and bridges serving those towns, nearly ruin a considerable seaport, put hundreds of people out of work, suspend commerce for several weeks, and seriously damage or destroy borough services and plant, and then, a few weeks later, find everybody just as prosperous as before and business just as brisk.

Earthquake Damage.

It is a pity that some proper authority was not deputed to draw up a proper statement of the damage done by the earthquake. One of the greatest difficulties confronting the visitor who attempts to ascertain what has been the cost of the damage is to find two people who will agree even to within hundreds of thousands of pounds. Some items are definitely stated.

According to statements issued in each instance by proper authorities it will cost £45,000 to make the Napier harbour function reasonably, and £240,000 to restore it to its pre-earthquake condition. It will cost the Hawke’s Bay Power Board £30,000 to restore damage to its property. To repair damage done to river banks and to remove dangers caused to the rivers will cost £10,000. The restoration of the borough services of Hastings alone will cost £35,000. There, for four items alone, and all of them public utilities, is £315,000. Add the cost of the new Napier Hospital, which is to be £111,00, and one reaches a total of £426,000.

Nothing so far has been said of the restoration of Napier’s borough services, of fire stations destroyed, of schools (several of which were seriously damaged and some destroyed), of country roads and bridges, or of any of the scores of other public works which will have to be reconstructed.

£96,000 for Chimneys.

An amazing calculation results from one aspect of earthquake damage. There are, roughly, 8000 dwellings in the boroughs of Napier and Hastings alone, and, in Taradale, Havelock North, and in the country areas affected there would be, say, another 4000 at least. Taking an average of two chimneys per dwelling, which is a moderate estimate, and working on an average of £4 for the repair of each chimney, one finds that the total cost of chimney repairs alone is £96,000. It is a fact that £4 per chimney is rather below the average; and it is regrettable and commonly known that in very many instances chimneys had to be pulled down and rebuilt after they had been repaired, and rebuilt even a second time.

Without considering at all the more imposing aspects of earthquake damage, and, indeed, to show from small illustrations how great must be the great losses, one has only to dwell for a moment on such an item as wage losses. It is impossible to calculate them, but that they must have been enormous will be realised when it is remembered that virtually nobody among the wage-earners, representing about 40,000 people, was employed in paid work for a week after the earthquake. Very many did not begin to earn again for two or three weeks, and some for considerably longer. The loss of wages among freezing-workers employed in the three works adjacent to Hastings was without doubt at least £20,000.

The Bigger Losses.

And now, when one comes to consider the more imposing losses, one may easily imagine that they have been terrific. The known losses of two firms alone was £70,000 each, another is known to have lost £55,000, another £50,000, and so on, till one reaches the scores upon scores of small shopkeepers whose losses amounted to anything between a few hundred and a few thousand pounds.

No census, as it might be called, of building destruction in Napier has yet been published. It was heavier than in Hastings, yet according to a survey made by the “Hawke’s Bay Tribune” there were over two hundred business buildings destroyed or almost totally destroyed. Fire in Hastings destroyed twenty-five buildings in one block, and fifteen others elsewhere. The stocks in those premises were, of course, totally destroyed owing to the almost total impotence to which the local fire brigade was rendered by the earthquake.

Insufficient Funds.

What has been said above does not in any way pretend in any way to give an exact estimate of what damage was done by the earthquake. To do so is beyond the ability of the writer of this article, and in some of its aspects the damage would be almost impossible to ascertain without a long drawn-out and exhaustive inquiry. The facts stated, nevertheless, will go far to show how reasonable are the fears of the afflicted people that the funds made available by the Government, even when private subscriptions are added to them, must inevitably leave many people stranded, and much of the damage to take care of itself. The people are all the more irritated by the fact that the Prime Minister gave assurance that the disaster was a national disaster and must be treated from a national standpoint. Cabinet Ministers flocked into the district, and all of them echoed their leader’s sentiments until the people came to believe them.

The result was that Parliament voted £1,500,000 on terms which allot £250,000 for the use of local bodies. The money will be at the sole disposal of the Prime Minister as Minister of Finance, and he will make allocations on the advice of the rehabilitation committee, the chairman of which is Mr. J. S. Barton, S.M.

Among these business men who have come into contact with Mr. Barton there is a feeling of complete faith that he has an unsurpassable grip of the affairs with which he will be required to deal, and that he is strongly imbued with a real sympathy for sufferers. His hands are absolutely tied, however, so far as expenditure is concerned. He has £1,250,000 to deal with, and not one farthing more. The Government’s promise that more would probably be found if it were required is not negotiable as money.

Mr. Barton declared at the earliest possible moment that he could not commit himself to a penn’orth of expenditure beyond £1,250,000 as provided by the Act under which his committee was created; and thus he was prompt in letting the people know to a certain extent where they are likely to stand. His further declaration of policy was even less palatable. Relief would be necessarily restricted, he said, and relief for the replacement of stocks would be withheld as a general principle, and granted only in special instances. Further than that, the committee’s declared policy is to withhold assistance from those in a position to help themselves or to get others to help them. In short, there are so many restrictions and so many qualifications that one begins to wonder exactly where the allocation of relief is to begin, particularly in view of the committee’s declaration that it will not in any case recommend the giving of assistance, even by way of loan, to anyone whom the earthquake has made bankrupt. That last named point of policy excludes, it is certain, a very large number of traders.

Over 5000 Claims.

Just as bewildering as the guesses at who is to get anything is the suspense that ruined business people have been subject to. No claims will be considered by the Rehabilitation Committee until they are all lodged on July 17, which date will be almost exactly twenty-four weeks after the earthquake. One problem confronts the applicant, particularly in view of Mr. Barton’s statement that he expects to receive at least 5000 claims. Must it not be necessary that the committee, before it can allot a single shilling of the money, must know exactly how every one of the 5000 claims is going to balance with the money available? The committee can not say, as it should be able to say: “Every one of these claims is valid. Not a single claimant has claimed more than he justly deserves, or is warranted to ask for. Therefore, we shall pay every penny that is asked for; and as £1,2560,000 is not enough, get more from the Government.” The committee cannot do any such thing; and certainly to the layman, it appears necessary that the committee will not be able to distribute anything until every claim is heard, its validity tested, and the whole total of the sums claimed balanced against the money available. It is difficult to imagine how it will be possible for the committee to say to applicant No. 1 that it will give him any specific sum, because, if it does so, how is it going to know, until a whole survey of the claim is made, and a “dividend” struck, whether it is going to be able to pay anything to claimant No. 5000? If that surmise is correct, then how long will it be before any relief is given at all?

The people in the district were given much ministerial sympathy, and many ministerial promises, and they feel now, and feel very strongly, that they have been deserted by the politician. Time may prove their fears unfounded, but one would at least have thought that after six months of suspense and anxiety the people would have been told with absolute and unwavering definiteness what they might expect and might get, and what they would not. There is not a business man in the earthquake area to-day who can tell you how he is going to stand in six months’ time. If you ask any of them how they will fare at the hands of the Rehabilitation Committee, he will give you two answers. One answer will be that he has no notion at all whether he will be looked upon as a bona fide or a deserving claimant; and the other is that even if his claim is bona fide, he cannot tell you whether he will get a loan or a grant, or a loan and a grant, or whether he will get £10, or £100, or £1000. The answer given by a leading Hawke’s Bay business man to a question put by the writer was: “I ca not tell you whether I am bankrupt or not. I won’t be able to tell perhaps for months to come. I don’t know where I stand. I’m old and I had done pretty well. Now I have nothing. I can’t tell you how I’m going to get on.” The suspense, he said very calmly, was killing him and his wife.

Visiting the earthquake area and speaking not so much to what used to be called, before the earthquake, “the big man,” but to the men who had comfortable employment, or small businesses in leased premises, one is struck by the puzzlement which overcomes their faces when they are asked where they have applied for help, and what help they are to get.

Prime Minister’s Fund.

The unceasing question everywhere is, what is being done with the Prime Minister’s Fund? Of course there are the usual imputations, but on the other hand there is a common and indignant questioning why, when people gave their money “to us” (as they rightly say), they are not told how the money is being spent.

There is much reason in the attitude. The Napier man, whose parents in Wellington, perhaps at great sacrifice, have subscribed to the funds, surely cannot be denied the right to know why the money is not accounted for. “My people,” said one man, “gave £5, when actually they could not afford to give £1. They offered me help, but I did not need help, an am not asking help from anyone but I want to know where that money’s gone to.”

What is the Government Doing?

The earthquake happened not much less than half a year ago, and the men affected by it insistently ask you whether you can point to anything the Government has done so far in the way of useful help. They say that they themselves cannot. And there seems no reason for disagreeing with them. They have no lack of faith in the Rehabilitation Committee personally, but they cannot even guess whether the committee is going to give them any help. It seems inevitable that many people who thriftily and industriously had made their way to decent comfort and prosperity in life must go under.

Photo captions –

Dredging the harbour at Napier. Although much needs to be done before Port Ahuriri returns to its pre-earthquake standard, the authorities have already undertaken many temporary improvements.

A general view of section of Napier’s business area a few weeks after the earthquake. It will be noticed that debris has been removed and that temporary structures are beginning to rise among the ruins.

18   SPECIAL HAWKE’S BAY NUMBER.   The Dominion

NAPIER ANNOUNCEMENTS

[All advertisements]

BUILD WITH CONCRETE
THEREBY ASSURING
ECONOMY
PERMANENCY
AND
BEAUTY.
For Speed and Solidity in Construction
Specify the Unsurpassable
WILSON’S STAR BRAND CEMENT
Obtainable from all Merchants.
C. H. CRANBY & CO., LTD.
Hawke’s Bay Agents.
Builders’ Requisites
We have large stocks of the following Builders’ Requisites available for immediate Delivery.
Asbestos Sheets,
Brick Bonding,
Fibrous Plaster Board,
Kiwi Plaster Board,
Wilson’s Hydraulic Lime,
Wilsonite Rapid Hardening Cement,
Medusa and Atlas White Cement,
Keene’s Cement,
Victorite Plaster,
Silver and Yellow Sand,
Doors,
Laths,
Plywoods,
Crompton’s Fuel Boilers,
Lime,
Donnacona Board,
Corrugated Iron,
Flat and Galvanised Iron,
Cedar Shingles,
Plasters,
Oxides,
Hobart Timber,
Hobart Palings,
Concrete Mixers,
Steeltex.
C.H. Cranby & Co.
LIMITED
For Everything a Builder Needs
STATION STREET   NAPIER

RAIL and ROAD
COMBINED SERVICES
HAWKE’S BAY MOTOR COMPANY LTD.
(Incorporated 1903)
WHITE STAR
Regular Daily Motor Services to: –
WAIROA
MORERE
GISBORNE
WAIKAREMOANA
TAUPO
ROTORUA
PUTARURU
One of our Latest Pullman Saloon Cadillacs
Travel to Auckland via Napier, Taupo, Wairakei and Rotorua on your through Railway Ticket.
Full information regarding Fares, Timetables, etc., may be obtained from the nearest Railway Station, Government Tourist Bureau, Thos. Cook & Son, and White Star Booking Offices.
HAWKE’S BAY MOTOR COMPANY LTD.
NAPIER, WAIROA, TAUPO, GISBORNE.
Telegrams: Railcar, Napier.

The Dominion   SPECIAL HAWKE’S BAY NUMBER.   19

NAPIER BUSINESS HOUSES

[All advertisements]

Established 68 years and still going strong.
Barry Bros.
LIMITED
Customs, Shipping and Forwarding Agents, Carriers and Coal Merchants
Agents for N.Z. Carrying Co., Ltd., and Colonial Carrying Co., Ltd.,
Specialists in Forwarding and Customs Work.
Carriers for Hawke’s Bay’s Leading Merchants.
Large Supplies of Concrete Pipes, Earthenware Pipes and Bends,  Pumice Chimney Pots, etc.
GENERAL TRANSPORT WORK IN ANY PART OF THE DISTRICT.
PORT AHURIRI   NAPIER
HASTINGS

BURT’S
MUNROE STREET, NAPIER.
(Adjoining Community Banks)
We have just opened with a most comprehensive stock
of
FURNITURE, CARPETS,
LINOLEUMS,
BEDSTEADS,
and
BEDDING.
We Invite Comparison of Prices.
Mr. Burt, upon request, will be pleased to wait upon clients in town or country and give expert advice and quotations.Under the Management of
M. BURT
(21 years Buyer for Blythes, Ltd.)

Diamond Jubilee Year
Henry Williams & Sons, Ltd.
NAPIER and HASTINGS
Have Faithfully served the Public as Hardware and Metal Merchants throughout Hawke’s Bay for
69 YEARS
Although totally destroyed by earthquake and fire in Napier and by earthquake in Hastings and Port Ahuriri, the firm, along with their subsidiary departments, was re-established in new premises within 3 days, employing 153 local workers to again serve the Public.
HARDWARE DEPTS.
NAPIER: Phone 385, P.O. Box 9.   HASTINGS: Phone 4060, P.O. Box 42.
Full Stocks of Builders’ and household hardware are available in our new premises in Hastings Street, Napier, and Heretaunga Street, Hastings.
We stock everything in Tools, Cutlery, Paints, Varnishes, Oils, Aluminium Ware, Enamel Ware, Tinware, Brushware, Baths, Basins, Sinks, Water Heaters, Stoves and Ranges, etc.
VULCAN FOUNDRY
Dept. Phone 326.   P.O, Box 77.
Equipped for an emergency, we were able to help in the early reconstruction of Napier’s Public Services through our organisation, Equipment, and Skilled Staff.
In these days of reconstruction, our Foundry and staff are at your service.
Specialists in Steel Frame constructional work, electrically welded or riveted. Manufacturers of boilers, tanks and all Contractors’ plant and machinery. Castings of any description in Iron, Bronze or Alloy.
PLUMBING and TINSMITHING
Dept. Phone 383
Completely equipped with skilled staff for all work in town or country.
Manufacturers of tanks, spouting, ridging, skylights, chimney pots, lead headed nails, etc.
VULCAN AUTOMOTIVE SUPPLIES
Phone 619.   Box 77.
Equipped with the most modern Plant in New Zealand and with a staff of specialists to give cylinder reconditioning and engine maintenance service to the Garage trade.
The largest stock in Hawke’s Bay of Engine Replacement Parts. Pistons, Piston Rings, Valves, Gaskets, Bearings, Timing Chains, Brake Lining, Etc.

HARSTON’S
For Everything Musical
THE STRAND, CLIVE SQUARE, NAPIER.
PIANOS, MUSIC, RECORDS AND RADIO.

MOTORISTS!
For all HOODS, SIDE-CURTAINS, AND TRIMMING REPAIRS –
CALL OR RING 700 FOR ESTIMATES.
E. D. ROW,
MOTOR TRIMMER,
BATE & BELL’S BUILDINGS,
(Entrance Tennyson Street.)
NAPIER.

20   SPECIAL HAWKE’S BAY NUMBER.   The Dominion

HASTINGS ANNOUNCEMENTS

[All advertisements]

CHRISTIE’S
RUSSELL ST., HASTINGS,
The FURNITURE FIRM
LARGE STOCKS OF OAK AND RIMU FURNITURE, CARPETS, RUGS, EIDERDOWNS, BLANKETS, QUILTS, AND ALL OTHER FURNITURE REQUISITES.
INSPECTION INVITED

STILL THE CHEAPEST AND BEST IN HAWKE’S BAY FOR QUALITY FOOTWEAR
THE BIGGER, BETTER AND BUSIER
WHOLESALE FOOTWEAR WAREHOUSE
HERETAUNGA ST., HASTINGS.

J.E. HALL’S Bookshop
Firmly Established on the old Site
HERETAUNGA STREET, HASTINGS
Bigger, brighter and better stocks than ever before.
Our BOOK CLUB is now open.
New Books, Periodicals, Office and General Stationery arrive by every mail steamer.
“READ AND GROW WISE.”

UNIVERSAL BARGAIN STORES
MARKET STREET, HASTINGS.
BARGAINS GALORE THROUGHOUT THE STORE. STATIONERY, CROCKERY, TOILET GOODS, FANCY GOODS, HOUSEHOLD REQUIREMENTS, IRONMONGERY, ETC.
UNIVERSAL BARGAIN STORES

BROADWAY BEAUTY SALON
(W. J. Crerar) – HERETAUNGA STREET (Opp, Roach’s)
Have now reopened in modernly-equipped rooms (Late Land’s Bag Shop) and are carrying on business in all branches of toilet work as usual.
RING FOR AN APPOINTMENT.   PHONE 1718, HASTINGS.

WHITE & CO.
(W. J. MICHAELSEN)
WOOD & COAL MERCHANTS,
Telephones: Yard, 8610;   Residence – W. J. Michaelsen, 2032.
P.O. BOX 66.   KING STREET EXTENSION, HASTINGS.
RATA, MATAI, MAIRI   TAUPIRI, NEWCASTLE, WESTPORT.
SOLE AGENTS: GLEN AFTON COLLIERIES.

HASTINGS MODERN STEAM
LAUNDRY LYNDON ROAD.
For all classes of LAUNDRY WORK.   BAG WASH 3/-.   Collected and delivered.   STARCHING A SPECIALITY.

“LA MODERNE”
RAILWAY ROAD   HASTINGS.
Hosiery, Gloves and Underwear Specialists.   INSPECTION INVITED.

HUNT’S
HASTINGS
For Men’s Working Wear
Genuine Palmer Nap Trousers, all sizes 6/11
Super Nap Trousers, all sizes   5/11
Railway Saddle Tweed Trousers,   11/9
All-Wool Saddle Tweed Trousers   12/6
Drill Bib Overalls,
White   5/11
Blue   6/11
Engineer Overalls or Boiler Suits   11/6
N.B. Drill Coats   7/11
Working Suits (3-piece)   24/-
Wool Felt Hats   7/6
Working Socks (all wool)   1/-
Twist Shirts   3/9
Harvard Shirts   3/11
White Neglige and Tennis Shirts, with Black Stripes   3/3
Oiled Canvas Coats   38/9
Roadmen’s Coats   10/9
Waterproof Aprons   4/11
Satisfaction Guaranteed
Postage Extra
HUNT’S
HERETAUNGA ST.,
HASTINGS.

DEVASTATED HASTINGS
The Last and Best Picture Story of how the great Earthquake and Fires struck Progressive Hastings.
56 PICTURES and 1000-WORD DESCRIPTION.
A memorial for all time for everybody. Price will not exceed 2/6. Supply in a few days’ time.
E. E. BOTT (late French’s)
Bookseller and Stationer,
HASTINGS.

THE CASH CLOTHING co.
(T. Honor Taylor)
Next Carlton Club Hotel.
HERETAUNGA ST., HASTINGS,
We stock Everything in Men’s Wear.

Hallenstein Bros. Ltd.
SAVED SITUATION.
’Phone 159S, Heretaunga St., Hastings.
Complete stocks of Men’s and Boys’ Clothing, etc, and Smart Footwear for Ladies and Gents.

J. UNDERWOOD
DAIRY SPECIALIST.
For Alfa Laval Separators, Ideal Milking Machines, also Blind Workers’ Institute, for Seagrass Furniture, Basket Ware.
GAS CO, BUILDINGS, KING ST., HASTINGS.

H. McKAY & Co
Sell Suits men are proud to wear
Keep this as a reminder of where to get the best value in Mercery in Hastings. Where you can dress to tone at lower prices.
Clothes for men in fashionable styles.
Let us make you a permanent customer.
SPECIAL – Made-to-Measure Suits, tailored finish, finest quality material, from £3/19/6.
ONE QUALITY – THE BEST.   ONE PRICE – THE LOWEST.
HERETAUNGA STREET, HASTINGS.
Opp. Pacific Hotel

Special Rehabilitation Sale
CHESTERFIELD SUITES, 6ft, in Velour Velvet or Wool Moquette.
Price £23.
JACOBEAN OAK DINING-ROOM SUITE, consisting of Draw-leaf Table. 4 Chairs, leather backs and seats and Sideboard.
Price £24/10/-
BROWN OAK DINING-ROOM SUITE with Cabriole Legs, consisting of Draw-leaf Table, 4 Chairs, blue leather seats, and Sideboard.
Price £26/10/-
GOLDEN OAK DRAW-LEAF TABLE, with 4 Oak Chairs, lift-out seats.
Price £9/15/-
GOLDEN OAK BEDROOM SUITE. Double Panel Bed and Wire. Large Duchess, 8ft. 6in., 3 drawers; Pedestal.
Price £14/12/6
DARK OAK BEDROOM SUITE. Beautiful design. Cabriole Legs; Duchess with Frameless Wing Mirrors.
Price £20/15/-
DOUBLE RIMU BED AND WIRE, with Kapoc Mattress and 3-drawer Duchess.
Price £7/10/-
Beautiful designs in AXMINSTER CARPETS from £6/5/-, TAPESTRY SQUARES. 9ft. x 6ft. 9in., £2/10/-. 10ft. AXMINSTER RUGS, 22/6, Latest designs REVERSIBLE 10ft, RUGS, 18/6, Choice patterns – in best AXMINSTER RUNNER, 12/6 yard.
Great display of Bedding and Eiderdowns at Bedrock Prices.
3ft. MATTRESSES from 12/6, 4ft. 6in. MATTRESSES from 20/ to £4/5/-,
Special value, 10lb. Kapoc to foot.
SEAGRASS CHAIRS, 18/6 and 20/-.   Smokers’ Seagrass Chairs, 31/-
Cane Clothes and Linen Baskets at snip prices; all sizes.
RAILAGE PAID HAWKE’S BAY.
JAS. W. SHAW
LAND AGENT AND HOUSE FURNISHER,
CNR. WARREN AND EASTBOURNE STREETS,
HASTINGS

“CLASSIC” Fountain Pens and Pencils
Carry a Lifetime Guarantee.
Nothing Cheaper or Better. Prices Permanently Halved on Other Well – known Makes. Astounding Values, Artistic Colours.
Prices range from 8/6 to 35/- in Sets.
Remember the Guarantee Certificate given with each Pen or Pencil
B.M. KESSELL
Sole Hastings Agent, Jeweller and Watchmaker,
HAWKE’S BAY FARMERS’ GARAGE BUILDINGS,
QUEEN STREET, HASTINGS.

“COLLEEN”
RAILWAY ROAD   HASTINGS.
Fifty yards west of new Town Clock.
Have in stock Genuine Irish Linen, Beautiful Glass and China Ware, Utility Presentation Gifts for Birthdays, Weddings and every other occasion. Cretonnes and Antique Furnishings.

G.P.O. BOOKSHOP
USUAL BUILDINGS.
For all Periodicals, Magazines, Books, etc. We have in stock a full supply of Office Requisites.
NEWSPAPERS, STATIONERY AND NOVELS.
HASTINGS.

The Dominion   SPECIAL HAWKE’S BAY NUMBER.   21

STRUCTURAL DAMAGE

As Result of Earthquake

AN ENGINEER’S INVESTIGATIONS

How the various types of buildings withstood the terrific earthquake shocks in Hawke’s Bay has been investigated by architects, structural engineers and builders from all parts of New Zealand. Immediately after the earthquake, Mr. G. F. Clapcott, M.N.Z.S.C.E., made a close inspection of the damage sustained in Napier, and his conclusions, published below, are of considerable interest.

In respect to wood-iron buildings undoubtedly the greatest damage, running into thousands of pounds, has been due to lack of adequate bracing, particularly so in the basement portion of the buildings, where same have been constructed on the hillsides. Another defect is due to house blocks being too short, not permitting them to have sufficient hold in solid ground. In regard to bracing, it is absolutely essential that where structures are supported on long jack studs, or piles exceeding 2 to 3 feet in length bracing should be provided and extended in both directions, and either bolted, or checked and nailed to the supporting studs.

Bracing in one direction only is not, I noted, sufficient, due to the fact that the building, if prevented from going in one direction, will be wrecked by swaying to the unbraced side or front as the case may be.

In buildings erected on long piles of very heavy sectional area and sunk two feet and over into solid ground, little or no damage has arisen. But here again a moderate amount of bracing is required, particularly so if the piles are long.

In regard to house foundation blocks, these through lack of depth in the ground have either lifted out or have been dragged over during the heavy sway of the building. This has occurred on foundations only extending a foot above the ground. In other cases piles have sunk, due to the soft nature of the surface soil in which the blocks were bedded.

Tiled Roofs.

Where adopting this type of roofing special care is required in providing additional strength in the roof framing and walls, by introducing adequate bracing on sectional members.

Chimneys.

Limestone in any form of boulder foundation should be avoided, and the work done in either concrete or solid brick, carried down to a good foundation. If of brick, the mortar must be clean sharp sand and Portland cement. Limestone sand does not possess sufficient strength. Chimney shafts from floor to roof should be given good clearance from all timber work. The timber trimmer round the hearth should also be clear. Any movement in the house, if touching the chimney, causes severe leverage on same. The mortar used in all brick chimney work should contain a good proportion of Portland cement. Chimneys in brick can, if desired, be made absolutely secure by providing simple reinforcing. This has now been definitely proved from actual experience.

Retaining Fences and Walls.

Where failures have occurred in walls and fences, the principal cause has been, as already mentioned about house blocks, lack of having the walls bedded into solid ground. This defect is noticeable in connection with comparatively low walls. Others have failed through lack of sufficient bond between the stones and mortar. In respect to concrete walls the defects were due to the adoption of too light a sectional area, combined with quite unsuitable reinforcing material; and same being bedded into the concrete in a haphazard manner. Inadequate footings are another weakness noted.

Buildings Other Than Wood and Iron.

Bricks immediately after the ’quake were condemned by many, but now this material is being viewed in a more rational manner. After careful inspections have been made of brick structures still standing, it has been found that buildings of brick, constructed in pane; form, carried up between reinforced concrete or steel piers, have withstood the severest of tests, and proved to be quite satisfactory, both in regard to earthquake, and fire following same. The Napier Gas Company’s building is a stinking example of the efficiency is a striking example of the efficiency of this class of structure. Here the brick panelling is carried between braced steel framing to a great height. Apart from one panel the whole of the structure is intact, although at the time of the ’quake there were several tons of coal in the bins situated at the top of the build of the building. The whole structure swayed several feet from the vertical.

What is needed is an improved form of bricks that would permit of introducing some form of adequate reinforcing (other than plain hoop iron), during the course of construction, which at the same time would be securely bonded in the brick, and keep strictly to a high standard of mortar. With such improvements there is no reason why brick walls cannot be safely constructed with panelling considerably in excess of the dimensions now in vogue and which have proved so successful.

Reinforced Concrete Buildings.

This class of construction has, where designed on sound scientific lines, proved to be in every way satisfactory. It is essential in dealing with reinforced concrete work, whether it be in connection with buildings or retaining walls, that the design should be prepared by a person fully qualified in this class of construction, and where the work is important and of expensive nature, a thoroughly experienced clerk of works should be in charge to see that all steel is placed and kept in the positions shown in the design.

Where failures have occurred in this class of work, such, I noted, have been due to the lack of knowledge on the part of those who have designed the system carrying out the reinforcing. In one case I noticed that portions of an old bedstead had been introduced, also hoop iron. Needless to say the building came down, not through any fault of the principles governing the design of reinforced structures, but due entirely to the lack of scientific knowledge of this class of work. Foundations are the all-important factors governing the security of any building, whether they be of concrete or bricks. These should be carried down and given ample footing.

Roof Principals.

The lighter roof principals can be designed with safety the better. Principals possessing a large degree of elasticity have not caused the same damage to walls as was noted in the case of principals of a more rigid type.

The after effects of the ’quake in Hawke’s Bay have been an object lesson to all those taking an interest in design and construction of buildings, and have opened up new fields for investigation. It is only by such practical demonstrations that weaknesses in our ever-day methods are revealed.

It should be remembered that any defects shown here are common to every town in the Dominion, and need guarding against.

FRUIT EXPORT FIGURES
Cases.
1926   100,326
1927   64,716
1928   194,835
1929   141,155
1930   247,772
1931   213,340

HAWKE’S BAY FRUIT

Promising Industry

SEASON’S FIGURES

Fruit-growing is rapidly assuming an important place in the industries of Hawke’s bay, and although the figures for the season just closed show a decrease in many cases, the prospects for the future are particularly bright.

With regard to pears, there was a substantial decrease in almost every variety, Winter Coles being the sole exception among the principal varieties.

The grading of the fruit this year, however, was consistent with that of last season, extra fancy being 45.91 per cent of the output, compared with 44.91 twelve months ago; fancy was 52.30 and 53.71 respectively, and good grade 1.60 and 1,36 respectively.

The aggregate output for each variety for this and last season is as follows: –

APPLES.
1930-31   1029-30 [1929-30]
Cases.   Cases.
Delicious   47,568   61,716
Sturmer   45,762   49,423
Dougherty   32,589   31,722
Jonathan   23,553   32,014
Dunns   8,398   14,281
Ballarat   7,148   6,026
Cox’s Orange   6,451   5,837
Lord Wolseley   3,835   3,628
Cleopatras   3,739   3,106
Statesman   2,110   2,123
Rome Beauty   1,842   1,888
Pioneer   1,797   2,365

Other varieties despatched were as follows. The figures in parentheses being those for the previous year: – Spitzenberg 669 (837), Gravenstein – (540), McMahons 629 (460), Worcester 470 (362), Granny Smith 435 (94). Frimley Beauty 399 ( – ), Rokewood 294 (311), Stone Pippin 250 (338), Yates 190 (120), Newton Pippin – (169), Adams Pearmain 145 (247), Stansell 79 (-), McLivers 71 (-) Simmonds 70 (-), London Pippin 36 (63), Stark 27 (-), King David – (32), Senator – (30).

Totals: 1930-31   188,577 cases; 1929-30,  217,256; decrease, 28,670 cases.

PEARS.
1930-31   1929-30
Cases.   Cases.
Winter Nellis   9,735   11,859
P. Barry   5,278 9,917
Winter Cole   3,201   1,481
Josephine   2,819   3,328
Doyenne di Com.   1,440   1,637

Other figures are: Parkham’s [Packham’s] Triumph 645 (653), Beurre Bosc 645 (763), Clairgeau 562 (402), Harrington’s Victoria 204 (105), Vicar of Winkfield 171 (50), Beurre Capiamont 63 (146), Beurre Diel – (58), Keiffer – (57), L’Inconnui – (39), Eliza Cole – (21).

Totals: 1930-31, 24,763 cases; 1929-30, 30,516 cases; decrease, 5,753 cases.

Photo captions –

Mr. J. Vigor Brown, Mayor of Napier.

Immediately after the earthquake the Napier water supply ceased to function. One of the first important works of reconstruction was the provision of fresh supplies. Picture shows engineers boring for artesian water.

A transformation indeed. Hastings Street, Napier, before and after the earthquake. The above illustration gives some idea of the great havoc caused by earthquake and fire. Note the poles still standing.

22    SPECIAL HAWKE’S BAY NUMBER.   The Dominion

HASTINGS ANNOUNCEMENTS

[All advertisements]

AGAIN UNDER WAY
It gives us pleasure to be able to announce that we are again open for business, and ready to offer the same Good Value and Efficient Service given in the past.
The Store may be smaller and our display space less, but every corner is packed with well chosen up – to – date merchandise selected by our keen buyers.
Call and Inspect, or Mail your Inquiry for any Goods you may need.
ROACHS’
HASTINGS
BOX 101

NUTTERS LTD.
Box 213.   HASTINGS.   Phone 467.
The Popular Drapers and Showroom Specialists.
IMPORTERS OF THE LATEST IN FASHION GOODS.
DEPARTMENTS:
Showroom – Mantles, Costumes, Frocks, Cardigans, Jumpers, Millinery, Berlei Corsets and Underwear. We Specialise in the Maids’ and Baby section.
Manchester Department – Full Stocks Household Linens, Blankets, etc.
Dresses and Silks – Always something new in Silks and Materials.
Hosiery, Gloves, Neckwear and Novelties.
NUTTERS LTD.
For a little better service, a little better quality, a little lower price.

You’ll find us on the Old Site
We are Completely Re-established in all Departments and it will be our pleasure to take care of all your requirements.
Willard – Lucas Batteries.
Majestic Radio.
The Hector Jones Electrical Co.
KING STREET, HASTINGS.
Automotive, Electrical, Battery and Radio Specialists.

C. BUNKER’S NOVELTY STORE
Welcomes Old and New Customers.
ALL NEW STOCKS. FANCY GOODS, CUTLERY, CROCKERY, ENAMEL-WARE, TOYS, MECCANO SETS, and HORNBY TRAINS.
HERETAUNGA STREET   HASTINGS.
And also in MARKET STREET, HASTINGS.

ALEXANDER’S VULCANIZING WORKS
NELSON STREET, HASTINGS,
Will be going into new Ferro-Concrete Premises in Karamu Road, opposite Hoadley, Son and Stewart, and will be known as
ALEX PETROL SERVICE.
This will be the most up-to-date Service Station in H.B.

“His Master’s Voice”
HASTINGS
is being
REBUILT
and in its foundations ample Provision is being made for
HIS MASTER’S VOICE
RECORDS
GRAMOPHONES
to bring
MUSIC
into the homes and lives of its people
Anyone outside the Musical Circle automatically comes in by purchasing one of these fine instruments – on
EASY TERMS
if desired.
The hardships and trials of the past will then be forgotten in the
GLORIOUS MUSIC
which will be enjoyed by the whole family.
HIS MASTER’S VOICE GRAMOPHONES
Portables, from   £9
Table Models from   £12/10/-
Cabinets from   £26
WE
INVITE
YOU
to call and hear these wonderful instruments when next in town.
If unable to call – write for Illustrated Catalogue to
BEWLEY’S
MUSIC STORE – HASTINGS
“His Master’s Voice”

PHIL TRITT
C. & C. Stores
NELSON STREET,
MAHORA.
Phone 4056.   Phone 2254.
The Family Grocer
Value, Quality, Service, Daily Delivery.
HASTINGS

WESTERMAN & CO.
The Ready Money Drapers
P.O. Box 203, Hastings   Phone 3595
Were Re-established in New Premises in the third Week in March
We’re re-habilitated,
In fact, rejuvenated,
Tho’ we’ve evacuated,
Our lovely store.
Our stocks have been inflated,
Our selections reinstated,
And our efforts concentrated,
To serve YOU more.
Finest selections of the Latest Coatings and Dress Materials at our Famous Low Prices as under
HEAVY BLANKET TWEED COATINGS, 54in. wide. Smartest semifleck effect. Guaranteed all – wool and fast colours, in shades Fawns, Browns, etc.   12/6, 15/6, 17/6 yd.
FACE CLOTH COATINGS, 56in. wide. Superior finish and all – wool, in shades Black, Navy, etc.   12/6, 15/6, 17/6, 19/6 yd.
WEST OF ENGLAND WORSTED, 56in. wide, exclusive, in costume lengths of 3½ yds. Each   49/6, 67/6 a length
N.Z. TWEEDS, 36in. wide. Very smart effects. All-wool, guaranteed fast colours   5/11, 6/11, 7/11, 8/11 yd.

CUMING’S
Modern Reinforced Concrete Premises emerged practically intact through the earthquake period, and was one of the few buildings passed as safe by the authorities.
Our Showroom, which is now under the control of Miss Owen, late of the D.S.L., Napier, is well stocked with the very smartest in Millinery, Coats, Jumper Suits and Frocks.
A VISIT WILL CONVINCE YOU THAT OUR VALUES IN ALL DEPARTMENTS ARE HARD TO BETTER.
CUMING’S
HERETAUNGA STREET   HASTINGS
(Near J. R. McKenzie’s).   BOX 68.

J. G. MARTIN
HERETAUNGA ST., HASTINGS.
(Late of Karamu Road)
SPECIALISTS IN ALL CLASSES OF MOTOR UPHOLSTERING, BODY REPAIRING, AND TRIMMING.
Satisfaction Assured.   ‘Phone 4831.
Note New Address:
OPPOSITE SOUTHLAND ROAD.

HARDING
FOR CLOTHES THAT HELP YOU!
After a complete clean out of my old premises next to the Grand Hotel, I have started again with a complete new stock of Men’s and Boys’ Clothing and Mercery.
AGENT FOR MINSTER AND BROADWAY SUITS.
Note new Address:
HARDING
CORNER HERETAUNGA AND KING STREETS – HASTINGS.
(In Premises recently occupied by Land’s Bag Shop.)
SMITH’S HASTINGS WARDROBE AND FURNITURE DEPOT
214 KARAMU ROAD, HASTINGS
(Opp. Gospel Hall.)
For new and second-hand Furniture, Men’s Suits, Boots, etc., etc., also Guns, Musical Instruments, Gold and Silver Watches and Chains. Largest stock of secondhand Furniture in Hastings.

The Dominion   SPECIAL HAWKE’S BAY NUMBER.   23

THE EARTH TREMBLED

Where the Earthquake Struck

WAIKARE HARD HIT

HARD as Napier was hit  by the earthquake on February 3 last, the blow was trifling compared to the sledgehammer thrust which was administered to that portion of the coast near the mouth of the Waikare river. Here the whole contour of the country has been altered; hills have been raised from 60ft. to 70ft.; orchards have disappeared; and homesteads, woolsheds, roads and bridges have been wrecked.

A Perilous Journey.

Some of the first to penetrate into the stricken area was Mr. J. G. Helyar, manager, and Mr. C. S. Clark, traveller, of the Wellington branch of Walker and Hall, silversmiths.

Early in April, Messrs, Helyar and Clark decided to visit the mouth of the Waikare river in order to see for themselves the damage which had been done in what was apparently the spot nearest to the seat of the earthquake.

Though warned at the Waikare Hotel that it would be dangerous to attempt the nine-mile journey to the mouth of the river, Mr. Helyar determined to make the trip by motor car.

“The journey,” he told a “Dominion” reporter, “was certainly a perilous one. At one part of the road the wheels of the car were within twelve inches of the drop of hundreds of feet into the river below, while overhead were hanging portions of the hillsides, which were liable to come down at any time. In some places whole slices of the hillside above the road, trees and all, had crashed over the roadway into the river below.

Gigantic Upheaval.

“On reaching the mouth of the Waikare river,” said Mr. Helyar “a scene of appalling desolation met our eyes. The whole countryside had been broken up into rubble, the Waikare river had changed its course by four or five chains, huge caves were gaping in the hillsides in which great rents were observable. The stories the residents had to tell were almost unbelievable.”

Mr. Oswald Orr, a farmer in the locality, was, with a lad, engaged in ploughing operations on a bluff 300 feet above sea level, when, without the slightest warning, the whole hillside became convulsed. Men and horses were thrown to the ground.

Mr. Orr tried to steady himself, but so violently did the earth rock that it was almost impossible to stand upright. At one stage, it seemed that the whole of the earth was sinking into the sea. So vivid was this impression that Mr. Orr and his assistant took off their boots in readiness for swimming.

Playthings of Fate.

A woolshed on a flat at the foot of the hills was stored with the last season’s clip. A tidal wave came up the river and lifted the 70 bales of wool as if they had been shavings and floated them out to sea, some being recovered later miles up the coast.

A 4½-ton oil engine, set on a concrete foundation in the woolshed, was uprooted and turned over and over by the earthquake for a distance of over 100 yards, and over a natural rise in the ground of about 15 feet, and was left lying in a ditch. The track the engine took could be distinctly followed by the furrow which it had ploughed in its course. It is estimated that the lift which shifted this engine such a distance must have been from 60ft. to 100ft.

A fine agricultural plant, consisting of a chaffcutter, threshing mill, reaper and binder, drill, and other implements were scattered in all directions, being carried many chains from where they were housed. A large sea-going launch, drawing 3ft. 6in. of water and valued at over £400, was hurled over 300 yards on to ground well above the river and left an absolute wreck. The river rose over 30 feet before it could gain an outlet, being fully fifteen chains in width.

[NB – the following paragraphs are transcribed in the logical order, not the order in the newspaper article – HBKB]

A two-roomed cottage, a big barn containing twelve tons of chaff and seventeen bales of wool were also included in the property destroyed. Some idea of the extent of the upheaval can be gathered when it is stated that two gigantic logs, a totara and a rimu, were thrown up from underground in a perfect state of preservation, the bark not even having rotted from the totara. How long these trees had been buried would be an interesting speculation, and more interesting still would it be to learn whether they had been engulfed in some past upheaval similar to that which Waikare experienced on February 3 last.

A Terrifying Experience.

No less appalling was the experience on Mr. John Tait’s station, which adjoins Mr. Orr’s farm.

The great displacement following the shake caused the dislodged river water to rush like a huge wave toward the homestead. In a moment the building sixty feet above the river was overwhelmed, with Mrs. England, wife of the manager of Waikare Station, and her five-year-old child inside. When the disturbance occurred, Mrs. England seized her child and rushed out of the house, only to be engulfed in deep waters. The child was swept out of her arms to the end of the garden, a distance of two chains. Mrs. England pluckily recovered her child, but both were swept into a fence, and Mrs. England sustained severe injuries The road was blocked for miles, and it was four days before medical assistance could reach her.

As the result of signals an aeroplane landed with a doctor, when it was found that the brave mother had been cut badly and that her condition was serious. On the doctor’s return to Hastings, a nurse and Red Cross worker were sent through, and, with the aid of Miss Wilma McKenzie and Mr. Reaney Tait, Mrs. England was taken on horseback to Waikare, from whence she was conveyed by car to the Matahoura viaduct, and then taken by motor-lorry to Tutira.

At Mr. Guthrie Smith’s station, horses were obtained, and the party took Mrs. England to Tangoio, where she was transferred to a motor lorry and taken on to the Tangoio lagoon. She had to be carried across the deviation on a stretcher, and was met about midnight by Mr. Tait and taken to Bay View, from where she was finally conveyed to the hospital at Hastings. Throughout the trying journey, Mrs. England displayed pioneer fortitude.

Mr. Helyar stated that some miles north of the mouth of the Waikare River the hills had been raised from sixty feet to seventy feet. This estimate came from no less an authority than Dr. E. Marsden, Director of the Department of Scientific Research, who had penetrated early into this area on horse.

While exploring the ruins at Waikare, Mr. Clark had an unusual experience. He met Mr. Orr and Mr. Sidney Hilyard, and the three of them discovered to their delight that they had surveyed together with the Third Battery.

BUILDING STRENGTH

Earthquake Lessons

DESIGN OF FOUNDATIONS

THE recent earthquakes in New Zealand, causing destruction of buildings, and consequent loss of life, have forcibly brought it to the minds of all rational thinking people that all structures must be scientifically designed to resist these additional stresses in order to protect life, and not left to the haphazard methods of anybody and everybody, states a writer in the “Daily Telegraph” (Napier). The sudden acceleration of the surrounding ground is transmitted to our building foundations, which heretofore have been considered for vertical loads, and only in rare cases for horizontal wind loads on the superstructure.

Now, however, we must make due allowance for the effect of the acceleration due to earthquake and the inertia of our buildings, and so design our foundations that there is no relative movement between the various units of the foundation, which will thus all have to same acceleration.

In the case of ground of good bearing capability, isolated footing proportioned to carry the various col loads will be the type of foundation in common use. These foundations in all cases must be inter-connected by members which will withstand the horizontal forces resulting from the acceleration and loads on the various columns.

For ground of poor bearing capacity, continuous footings will be used.

Continuous Footings.

Continuous footings may be divided into two main classes, depending upon whether or not they are continuous between one or more lines of columns in one line and at right angles thereto.

Where they are continuous between columns in one row only, as is often the case for wall columns, where as it is necessary to keep the projection beyond the building to a minimum, owing to building code or property line restrictions, they are usually called continuous footings; while if they cover the entire section, or are composed of several strips at right angles to each other built monolithic and supporting all the columns, they are generally called a raft footing. This latter name has been applied since such footing should be used only where the bearing power of the soil is very low, and the function of the footing is literally to float the building on a raft covering the entire or a large percentage of the ground area occupied by the building. They are also used where soil conditions require a pile foundation and the building loads are so heavy as to require such a large number of piles that it is necessary to cover practically the entire building with a raft.

As the raft type covering the entire site is an expensive type of construction, careful study has to be made to determine whether it will be more economical and satisfactory that isolated groups of piled thoroughly tied at the cap with the necessary connecting members.

Suitability of Clay.

Continuous footings are best adapted to clay soil of low bearing capacity, where the tenancy to unequal settlement due to unequal loading of various parts of the building can be counteracted by tying the entire structure together, thus making adjoining portions of the footing aid the overloaded one in carrying the load. This type of footing being a continuous beam, the calculation of the bending moments at the various sections of the footings is highly technical, and the distribution is analogous to what tests show happens in that slab floors under unequal loadings. With these continuous footings we have a rigid member in one direction to resist earthquake, but provision must be made to resist forces at right angles to the direction of the footing, by cross-tying to the adjoint foundations.

In the case where it is necessary to load the entire foundation area the footing slab can be designed as a flat slab floor. In this type the unequal distribution of column loads introduces very complex conditions. Undue bending by eccentricity of loading is where the slab or raft does not project beyond the building line sufficiently to balance the load.

A thorough investigation of the above conditions is essential for good construction and protection of the lives of the general public.

AWAITING THE CALL

A recent count disclosed that there were 74 builders in Napier awaiting instructions to proceed with the erection of new buildings. Many of them, of course, are at present engaged on structures of a temporary nature, but many major projects are looming on the horizon.

WORKING DAY AND NIGHT

Many business men in the earthquake area are impatient to get going again, and reconstruction in some cases is proceeding with fervent haste. In Hastings last week the silence of the clear frosty night was broken by the shrill notes of electric drills and riveters, as men demolished old walls and prepared for newer and stronger buildings.

Photo captions –

A typical view of the country described in the accompanying article, showing the effect of terrific underground movements.

A link with the past. The uplifting of Napier’s harbour exposed the wreck of the old Northumberland, the remains of which can be dimly seen a few yards from the shore.

Associated Banks Building, Napier, where the various banking institutions are now conducting their affairs.

Port Ahuriri, Napier, was damaged to a very considerable extent by the raising of the sea bottom. In the above photographs mud banks, many acres in extent can be seen where fairly deep water was previously found.

24   SPECIAL HAWKE’S BAY NUMBER.   The Dominion

Reconstruction of Tokio and San Francisco

WHAT HAPPENED OVERSEAS

How Cities Were Reconstructed

Following earthquakes of exceptional severity when the cities of San Francisco and Tokio were raised to the ground, and then destroyed by subsequent fire, the stupendous task of reconstructing the cities had to be faced with promptitude. In both instances fire did far more damage than the earthquake which if followed. In both instances, too, within the space of a very few years new cities had arisen Phoenix-like from the ruins, it being very difficult to discern any traces of the disaster which had caused so much destruction. A visitor to San Francisco in 1913 remarked that it would be hard to believe that the stories of the fire of seven years before were not exaggerated, and that 450,000,000 dollars of property was then represented by smoking ruins. Practically no trace of the disaster remained. In Tokio and Yokohama, the reconstruction process has transformed these cities into a type hitherto not seen before in Japan. A visitor may now walk down spacious highways planted with trees and between rows of vast white buildings of great height, where business does its best to reproduce the department stores of the American cities. In these two cities over 500 bridges, proof against fire and earthquake, have been built.

AFTER the San Francisco catastrophe of April, 1906, the question often asked was, “Are they really rebuilding San Francisco? Why haven’t they removed it somewhere else?’ The obvious reply was that there was nowhere else for it to be situated. All the western coast of both North and South America is peculiarly lacking in harbours. There is scarcely a port worthy of the name within 600 miles of San Francisco, north or south; but the Golden Gate at San Francisco gives in all weather safe entrance between its towering cliffs to one of the finest land-locked harbours of the world.

Earthquakes had been common, but of little importance, in California until 1902. Heavy earthquake shocks on the morning of April 18, 1906, followed by a fire which lasted three days, and a few lighter shocks, practically destroyed the business portion of the city and some of the adjoining districts. The damage by earthquake to buildings in San Francisco was, however, small in comparison to that wrought by the fire which began soon after the principal shock on the morning of the 18th. About half the population of the city, it was estimated, spent the night out of doors while the fire was in progress, with practically no shelter. The difficulty of checking the fire was increased through the breaking of the water mains by the earthquake, draining the principal reservoirs.

To stop the fire, rows of buildings were dynamited. General Frederick Funston, in command at the presidio, with the Federal troops under him, assumed control, and the city was put under military law, the soldiers assisting in the work of salvage and relief.

Generous Assistance.

On April 21 the fire was reported under control. Assistance with money and supplies was immediately given by the nations and by foreign countries, a committee of the Red Cross Society being put in charge of its administration. By April 23 about £2,000,000 had been subscribed by the people of the United States; Congress voted £500,000 from the national treasury. The committee organised by the Red Cross Relief Corporation completed its work in 1908, having spent for the relief of the hungry, for the sick and injured, and for housing and rehabilitation of individuals and families, in round numbers £2,000,000.

As a result of the earthquake and fire, about 500 persons lost their lives of theses, two were shot as looters. Buildings valued at approximately £21,000,000 were destroyed. The total loss in damage to property has been variously estimated at from £70,000,000 to £100,000,000. To cover the loss there was about £17,000,000 of insurance in some 230 companies.

Reconstruction in the burned section began at once, with the result that it was practically rebuilt in the three years following the earthquake. Wages for men employed in building, owing in part to scarcity of labour, but chiefly to action of the labour unions, rose enormously, masons being paid £2 8s for a day of eight hours. High prices of materials and of haulage and freight rates added difficulty to the task of rebuilding, which was accomplished with remarkable energy and speed. Van Ness Avenue, which during a process of rebuilding had assume the character of a business thoroughfare, did not maintain this status, the business centre returning to the reconstructed Market Street.

Reasons for Recovery.

Two factors, it would appear, account for the remarkable recovery of San Francisco from the disaster. The first was the preservation of her waterfront. If fire had destroyed her water facilities, she would not only have suffered grievously from lack of food supplies, but the stream of reconstruction material that began at once to flow toward the city would have been blocked. But the wharves were uninjured, and were able successfully to meet the ensuing strain upon the capacities.

The second was the vast amount of wealth the city had accumulated during the preceding half a century. By reason of that wealth alone could the recovery from the disaster have been so rapid. Of the enormous sum of money that was spent in building operations during the two and a half years following the earthquake, only £1,000,000 came from outside.

The money received from the insurance companies was largely spent in temporary repairs, and, as one report states, in diamonds and automobiles; for a great wave of extravagance seemed to have set in during the first year after the catastrophe. The greater part of the funds for reconstruction came from stored-up capital, which had been lent in other western cities, and even in New York, though afterwards, much of the insurance went in that way as well.

Beautifying Scheme Fails.

Some initial delay was caused by the visions of enthusiasts who saw in the catastrophe an extraordinary opportunity for re-creating the city upon a new and more beautiful plan. The early architects of San Francisco were mot burdened with a sense of aesthetic responsibilities. Beauty was not a factor in their estimate of values. But a city, even a destroyed city, that contains a thousand property boundary lines cannot be rearranged as though it were a garden. For a time the civic idealists continued to see visions and to dream dreams, and the property owners waited to see what would come of it all before signing contracts for rebuilding. Then the inevitable happened – the old boundary lines were restored, and the building began.

Up to the end of 1908, two and a half years from the earthquake, building permits to the value of £26,000,000 were issued. Of this enormous sum, only £3,500,000 was expended on class A buildings. Class A represented the absolutely fireproof, earthquake proof, steel and stone building, with wire glass windows, automatic metal doors, and metal interior fittings. All the old A class buildings, so far as it is known, withstood the earthquake perfectly, and even after the fire had raged about them they were in a condition to be refitted. Class C buildings, on the other hand, on which £7,250,000 had been expended, consisting of brick walls and steel girders, and corresponding to the common style of construction in English cities, suffered some damage from earthquake, and were a total loss in the fire.

Insurance Payments and Premiums.

In the matter of insurances, the total amount paid by the various companies up to the end of 1908 was something over £40,000,000. All the English companies doing business there were considered to have behaved admirably, some of them settling on a “dollar for dollar” basis, but three (which had special conditions inn their policies regarding earthquakes) reduced their payments by 10 to 25 per cent. The English companies paid in all about £13,000,000. One of the heavy losers, owing to their loss paying record, have since, it is stated, doubled their business on the coast.

The American companies also, for the most part, met their obligations well. The Fireman’s Fund, the largest San Francisco company, levied three 100 per cent, assessments on all its stock.

Optimism Prevalent.

Just at the time of the San Francisco earthquake America was experiencing a period of acute financial depression similar to the present, and one writer at the time remarked that the downward tendency of prices was a blessing very much disguised to the city. For such was the optimism of the people that there was grave danger of their entering upon a grave building “boom,” and over-building far beyond any possible needs of the city. The panic of the time made building cheaper for those who could afford to build at all, but prevented much wild speculation.

It is a notable fact that at the time of the fire the mortgage indebtedness of San Francisco was £12,000,000, or about 16 per cent of the actual value of the property. This was probably the smallest mortgage percentage of any American city, and would have permitted of much more borrowing if necessary.

The next feature of the reconstructed Tokyo is found in the streets. These were built under the separate supervision of the central Government, the municipality and the ku (wards). The city streets have all been completed. The Government built what are called the 52 trunk routes that are a feature of the new capital of Japan. As compared with the former streets, the new ones are much wider and are thoroughly paved, extending for a total of many miles. For example, the Showa-Dori, the first trunk route, is itself 1450 yards long.

One or two things may be said of the streets. The plaza in front of the Chiyoda Palace is 240 feet wide and 220 yards long; the Giin-Dori is 117 feet wide and 590 yards long; the boulevard at the Toyko [Tokyo] station is 1200 yards long, in width ranges from 24 to 48 yards. The street last named is divided by four rows of trees. Another street is from 30 to 40 yards wide. In building the new streets the surface communications were in many places transferred underground to give better facilities for the rapid movement of traffic.

In Yokohama.

While speaking of the reconstruction of Toyko, mention of the admirable work accomplished by Kanagawa Prefecture and the City of Yokohama must not be omitted. The port city suffered more than the capital in the 1923 disaster. Yokohama, excepting its less important parts, was completely reduced to ashes. In the reconstruction, however, the city was fortunate, as there were the city planning regulations enacted in 1920 and the city building law of 1920 to work with.

The reconstructed Yokohama presents a striking contrast to the city before the disaster. In such important municipal enterprises as sewerage, water works, hospitals, sanitation and schools, the post-quake residents are much better off than ever before. Thanks to the drastic measures taken, the city has a supply of water sufficient for 1,000,000 people. While there were only three parks before, the city now possesses eight large ones, five of which have been newly built.

Gradually the debris was cleared away and the readjustment of land effected and the reconstruction work launched in earnest in 1924. Three years later, by the consolidation of nine contiguous villages and towns, the city became much larger than before the 1923 disaster. In population the city grew to 501,000 from […]2,000 and in area it increased to 40,710,000 tsubo from 11,400,000 tsubo. (A tsubo equals 4 square yards.)

The cost of restoration work in Yokohama was as follows: – Streets £846,434; roads and bridges £1,200,845; rivers and canals £1,132,547; land re-adjustment £827,900; parks £116,600; water-works £427,000; sewerage-works £381,605; electric enterprises £1,363,277; primary schools £1,551,654; commercial schools £77,000; libraries £58,178; hospitals £253,933; incinerators £66,105; settlement houses £123,000; markets £400,000; social welfare £343,595; hotels £136,595; buying perpetual lease land £600,000; municipal offices £93,260; emergency expense of primary schools £164,890; emergency expense for roads and bridges £237,918; expenditure for annexed villages and towns £90,980; reconstruction expense paid by state £8,870,233; paid by Kangnawa Prefecture £915,390; grand total (about) £20,736,300.

The city of Tokyo has been reborn from the debris of the 1923 catastrophe, more imposing and resplendent than ever before. Trying as was the ordeal of the great earthquake and fire which took a toll of 58,000 lives, thanks to the generous assistance rendered by foreign nations, the people have completed the reconstruction of the Capital of Japan.

The untiring efforts of the people of Tokyo, have finally borne fruit not only in rebuilding the city but also in laying the foundations for further development. Willingly people made mutual concessions when sacrifice was needed for drastic city planning.

The narrow and irregular streets were widened and straightened and where there were flimsy wooden buildings before the disaster, new, up-to-date fire and earthquake-proof edifices are now built. In fact, the lively and thriving post-quake spectacle of Tokyo is so delightful to the eye that it makes one ponder on whether the city is not better off after all, for the disaster, notwithstanding the colossal damage suffered.

Cost of Reconstruction.

The area of the city which was devastated by the unprecedented earthquake and fire was more than 34,600,000 square metres. It was, in fact, 43.5 per cent. of the whole city. The houses and dwellings that were reduced to ashes totalled 366,000. On account of the catastrophe more than 1,484,000 people, or 59 per cent. Of the population of the city, were suddenly made homeless.

With regard to the amount of the damage to property, it is estimated to be not less than £370,000,000.

Various departmental expenditure undertaken by the Japanese Government amounted to £82,590,000, and work undertaken by the Tokyo Prefecture (county) and municipality in five years required a total sum of £4,800,000.

The money was spent for rebuilding the prefectural office buildings, the county offices, schools, hospitals and laboratories under the prefectural jurisdiction, and the rebuilding of ward offices, primary schools, libraries, hospitals, parks, street repairs, etc., by the City of Tokyo.

These enterprises of the central Government and local governments were inaugurated in 1924 and were brought to a successful termination in April, 1930.

Among the amounts quoted below it will be noticed that the expenditure from all source s in the Tokyo area alone included £37,077,764 for the construction and restoration of streets and bridges and £10,270,100 for land re-adjustment.

The following amounts were disbursed for restoration work: – Government enterprises: Buildings and repairing of principal thoroughfares, £25,745,840; canals, £2,887,906; large parks, £1,190,000; land readjustment, £875,000; subsidies fir fireproof buildings, £3,000,000; total, £33,698,746.

Tokyo prefectural (provincial) enterprises: – Repairing of national highways, £1,125,403; encircling and radiating streets, £750,000; educational work £325,000; total, £2,200,403.

Tokyo municipal enterprises:- Land readjustment, £9,395,100; construction and repairing of small streets, £8,211,199; paving of streets and construction and repairing of bridges, £1,245,322; improvement of sewers, £4,021,132; construction of playgrounds, £1,434,119; equipment for disposal of garbage, £185,000; wholesale markets, £1,650,000; primary schools, £4,093,909; social welfare work, £452,500; building hospitals, £310,000; reconstruction municipal water service, £1,000,000; electric enterprises, £3,420,000; total, £35,040,282. Grand total, £70,939,432.

Miscellaneous Costs.

Immediate earthquake relief cost £2,975,000. Two markets other than that mentioned above, and the laying of additional electric lines, cost £5,374,000.

The total amount spent by the municipality alone thus reached £41,779,000.

Photo captions –

In a picturesque setting, suggestive of the South Seas, Napier business men carry on. A section of the attractive little community shops in Clive Square, Napier’s temporary business centre. The Mayor, Mr. J. Vigor Brown, is seen taking an interest in the activities of a municipal garden.

Many Hawke’s Bay schools were badly hit by the earthquake, but prompt measures were taken to establish the education system. Above is one of the temporary buildings of wood and iron erected at Napier to house pupils until more pretentious structures are decided upon.

The Dominion   SPECIAL HAWKE’S BAY NUMBER.   25

HASTINGS ANNOUNCEMENTS

[All advertisements]

Have Music in your Home
During the Long Winter Evenings.
Our Stocks are complete and we can supply your every Musical Requirement.
“HIS MASTER’S VOICE”
GRAMOPHONES AND RECORDS.
COLUMBIA, BRUNSWICK, PARLOPHONE AND ZONOPHONE RECORDS.
PIANOS, MUSIC AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS AT LOWEST PRICES.
Hastings Agents for – ATWATER KENT RADIO.
CASH OR EASY TERMS.
SUTCLIFFE’S
RADIO AND MUSIC STORES,
RUSSELL STREET, – HASTINGS.

HARDWARE & CROCKERY
Always noted for our comprehensive display of Hardware and Crockery, we can offer to-day values and variety even better than pre-quake days. Crockery from the world’s leading makers – including Spode, Wedgewood, Royal Worcester, etc.
ROYAL DOULTON LARGE JUGS.   Set of 3 for 5/9.
DAINTY SHELLEY CHINA.   Hand painted Sweet Dishes.   Special yalue, 1/3.
W. & G. CHINA CUPS AND SAUCERS, 2/11 per 4 dozen.
ENGLISH SALAD BOWLS. Glass, 8in., 1/-.
DINNER SETS, 28/- to £35.
ENGLISH CHINA TEASETS, 15/ – to £20.
JUDGE BRAND ENAMELWARE, bought at a special discount and now selling at REDUCED PRICES.
DIAMOND BRAND ALUMINIUM WARE – A few of the special articles are Steam Cookers, Saucepans with Wire Cooking Basket, Covered Roasting Dishes, Sets of Canisters, etc. Nursery and Spark Guards, Fire Screens, Brass Kerbs, Fireside Sets, Coal Scoops, Fire Shovels, Pokers, Tongs, etc,
Mail Orders Promptly Attended to.
Your Personal Inspection Cordially Invited.
L. J. HARVEY
P.O. BOX 244   ‘PHONE 2663
RUSSELL STREET, HASTINGS.

Heretaunga Meat Company
PURVEYORS OF THE FINEST QUALITY MEAT.
Have Reopened in New Premises in
HERETAUNGA STREET
(Opp. Pacific Hotel),
HASTINGS.
And are carrying on business as usual
GIVING THE PUBLIC SERVICE AND QUALITY.

G. WOOLF,
LADIES’ TAILOR,
Has reopened with entirely New Stocks of Materials,
Also a fine range of Frocks and Coats.
ORDERS TAKEN FOR TAILOR-MADE COSTUMES.
HERETAUNGA STREET (Next Grand Hotel), HASTINGS.

A.J. Jones & Co.
Fashions for Men and Youths
SUITS
We are Agents for the famous Schneideman and Minster Hand-made Suits in 66 Sizes, Our selection of Serges, Worsteds and Thorn-proofs is the finest in H.B. Priced from 69/6
OVERCOATS
Up to the minute in style and high grade materials. Navy and Brown Velours. Smart Tweeds. Priced from 42/6 to £5/17/6.
Real Leather and Waterproof Rubber Coats. Priced from 35/- to £10/10/-
Cut this out
And get a Special 2/- in the £ off your next Purchase.
TROUSERS
We give a guarantee of 3 to 9 months with every pair we sell, or replace them in Worsted, Serges, and Saddle Tweeds.
Priced from 11/6 to 29/6.
For Underwear, Shirts, Hose, Hats, etc., see our windows,
Quality at the Right Prices – SELLS.
A. J. JONES & CO.
Next J. R. McKenzie
(Late James’ Corner, Pacific Hotel)
HASTINGS.

Prepare for Winter
Cold nights are here again, so be sure you have a HEATER.
We can supply you with the very best,
THOS. RITCHIE Ltd.
For all Electrical and Plumbing Work.
HERETAUNGA ST., HASTINGS,
Box 108

PHILLIP LEE
Specialist in Period Furniture and Furnishing.
KING ST.   HASTINGS.

BATTERSBY
PICTURE FRAMER AND STATIONER.
At Old Address:
MUNICIPAL BUILDINGS,
HERETAUNGA ST., HASTINGS.

COOPERS
For Crockery, Hardware, Fancy Goods, etc.
DIRECT IMPORTERS.
Municipal Buildings, West End,
HASTINGS.

BAIRD’S
HASTINGS   WAIPUKURAU
Automatic phone No. 2,006.
Manual phone 6.
“Hastings Shopping Centre”
GREAT STOCK CLEARANCE
Thousands of pounds’ worth of Drapery must be cleared at Substantial Reductions in order to make room for the Builders during the reconditioning of our premises.
GREAT SAVINGS ON NEW UNSOILED GOODS DURING THIS CLEARANCE PERIOD.
Ladies’ Tweed, Velour and Faced Cloth Coats, Fur Coats and Furs, Costumes, Tweed Dresses, Evening Frocks, Ladies’ and Children’s Underclothing. Hosiery, Gloves, Fancy Goods, Laces, Neckwear, Dress and Silk Goods, Household Manchester Goods and Soft Furnishings. Men’s and Boys’ Clothing and Underwear of Every Description.
DO NOT MISS THIS GREAT BARGAIN OPPORTUNITY
See Windows for Special Attractions.
BAIRD’S – Leading Drapers and Men’s Outfitters.
HASTINGS AND WAIPUKURAU.

Land & Heighway
SADDLERS,
HERETAUNGA STREET, HASTINGS.
Manufacturers of Racing Gear, Saddles, for hunting or racing, and Horse Boots.
Agents for PANNEL RIDING BOOTS.
WE SPECIALIZE IN CANVAS COVERS AND TENTS.
A General Sports Depot for all Classes of Sport.
INSPECTION CORDIALLY INVITED.
Land & Heighway

ROSS, DYSART & McLEAN’S
GARAGE,
200 Karamu Road, HASTINGS,
Excel in
MOTOR REPAIRS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
Stockists of
ALL MOTOR ACCESSORIES, SPIRIT AND OILS.

HAWKE’S BAY STEAM LAUNDRY,
WARREN STREET,   ’Phone 2128,   HASTINGS.
BEST FOR LAUNDRY WORK OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS.

ARTHUR C. FODDY & CO., LTD.,
P.O. BOX 142, HASTINGS,
Telegraphic Address: ‘Foddys,” Hastings.   Telephone 4167,
COMBINED FRUIT AGENCY.
LOCAL AND IMPORTED FRUITS,
FRUIT PRODUCE AND GENERAL AGENTS.
“Omnia Vincit Labor.”

26   SPECIAL HAWKE’S BAY NUMBER.   The Dominion

NAPIER ANNOUNCEMENTS

[All advertisements]

C.E. ROGERS & CO.
FURNITURE CRAFTSMEN – NAPIER
Those requiring Furniture, either for the
HOME, SHOP, OFFICE, OR SHOWROOM,
would do well to call in at ROGERS’S and get a quote. Remember, we are on our ORIGINAL SITE in Emerson Street, with showroom facing Tennyson Street, and our up-to-date factory is now in full swing.
Patrons are assured of the same quality of workmanship as has hitherto been maintained.
C. E. ROGERS & CO.
FURNITURE CRAFTSMEN,
NAPIER.
Phone 93.

Safe from the Danger of Falling Chimneys
GAS
plays an important part in the Rehabilitation of NAPIER and HASTINGS…
In many of the homes that have been reconditioned, provision has been made for more extensive use of Gas – for Cooking and for Heating.
Quite apart from the fact that the use of Gas as a fuel for heating and cooking does away with the necessity for unsightly and unsafe chimney stacks, it is proved more economical, more convenient and much cleaner than any other fuel.
And there are so many dependable Gas appliances nowadays that the use of Gas fills every heating requirement. There are Gas Cookers, Gas Radiators, Gas Fires, Gas Coppers, Gas Water Heaters – all easy to buy and economical to operate.
We will gladly supply prices and estimates for fitting.
NAPIER GAS CO., LTD.
NAPIER and HASTINGS.

J. BROWNE & SON
CARLYLE STREET,
NAPIER,
Phone 255.   P.O. Box 157.
Auctioneers, Valuers and Dealers

R.A. Simmonds
(Late Ellisons and Duncans)
47 Dickens Street,
(Next Farmers’ Garage)
NAPIER.
Try us for your
CROCKERY,
GLASSWARE,
and
HOUSEHOLD
HARDWARE.
PRICES RIGHT – QUALITY RIGHT.

Try the
NAPIER FRUIT CO.
(next Gaiety Theatre),
DICKENS ST., NAPIER
Wholesale and Retail
For Your –
FRUIT, VEGETABLES, CONFECTIONERY and SOFT DRINKS.
Families waited upon Daily.

CLOUGH’S
BOOK DEPOT,
DICKENS STREET,
NAPIER.
For all
BOOKS, MAGAZINES,
PERIODICALS, NEWSPAPERS,
and
CIRCULATING LIBRARY.

MURDOCH’S
PASTRYCOOKS AND CATERERS.
No job too big – none too small.
DICKENS STREET AND MEMORIAL SQUARE,
NAPIER.

G. R. SCARFE,
For all Your
Crockery, Glassware, Brushware, Household Hardware, etc. 2 doors off Dickens St., in Dalton St.,
NAPIER.

New CURTAIN FABRICS
The Latest in Curtain Materials, direct from the Manufacturers, are now shown in Great Variety.
LACE CURTAIN NETS, beautiful designs, in Champagne, Ecru, Honey, Two-tone and Multi-tone.
1/11, 2/6, 2/11 3/11, 4/11, 7/6 to 13/6 per yard
NEW PANEL CURTAINS, Ecru, with fringe, 54in. long.
1/11 per Panel
ART SILK SLUB REPP, absolutely fast to sun and wash, in ten art shades. 48 inches wide.   8/6 per yard
INDIAN HAND-MADE FABRICS, fadeless, horizontal stripes, in rich Eastern colours, ideal for Curtains, Cushions, Bedspreads, or Covers.   4/11 per yard
BLINDS – RUGS – CARPETS – LINOLEUMS.
ALLEN’S FURNISHING Co.
40 Memorial Square   NAPIER

IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT
Miss Kathleen Broome, late Underclothing and Corset Buyer for the D.S.L., desires to intimate to the Ladies of Napier and surrounding districts that she has just received extensive and complete stocks of
Beautiful Corsets, Corselettes Brassieres,
Exquisite Underwear, Children’s Frocks, etc.
A cordial invitation is extended to view these lovely goods while variety is so complete. This smart little Corsetry and Underclothing shop is just next to the H.B. Farmers’ Co-op. Garage in Dickens Street. Courteous attention, low prices and expert fitting advice awaits you at this new Specialty Store.
PLEASE CALL EARLY.
Kathleen Broome
DICKENS STREET’S UNDERCLOTHING AND CORSETRY SPECIALIST,
NAPIER.

The New French Glove House
(Late of Hastings Street)
Has now reopened in new premises in
42 DICKENS STREET, NAPIER.
With new and complete stocks of
GLOVES, HOSIERY, BLOUSES, LADIES’ UNDERWEAR and NOVELTIES.
INSPECTION INVITED.
The New French Glove House

The “Foserelle”
CLIVE SQUARE (EAST),
NAPIER.
Specialists in HOSIERY, GLOVES, UNDERWEAR, HABERDASHERY and FANCY GOODS.
TRY US.

CONSOLIDATED BREWERY, LTD.,
HASTINGS STREET, NAPIER.
HAWK BRAND
Brewers and Wine and Spirit Merchants.

The Dominion   SPECIAL HAWKE’S BAY NUMBER.   27

WAIPAWA’S DAMAGE

Reconstruction Proceeding Apace

PROMPT MEASURES

Although badly shattered by the earthquake of February 3, there is little evidence in Waipawa to-day of the effects of that tragic day. The following brief survey of the town’s partial destruction and prompt reconstruction, supplied by Mr. G. Hunt, Mayor of Waipawa, shows the credible promptitude with which the townspeople faced the problem.

Although situated some considerable distance from the centre of the seismic disturbance which wrecked Napier and Hastings, Waipawa, in proportion to its size and population, suffered quite as severely as any other place outside the two main centres. When people recovered from the stunning shock of the visitation it was with a feeling of relief of being yet alive after passing through an experience calculated to shatter the strongest nerves. The earthquake commenced with a swaying motion and gradually increased intensity, thus giving people time to reach the open air. Then came a final burst as though the earth had been rocked by a gigantic explosion. Parapets of masonry crashed to the ground, and shop windows on both sides of the main streets were shattered into thousands of pieces, whilst in the residential portion of the borough only about three chimneys survived the shock.

It was a sorry sight which greeted the eyes when one commenced to take stock of the extent of the damage. The streets and footpaths were littered with debris, and many of the buildings presented an appearance of having been subjected to intense artillery fire. Mr. W. I Limbrick’s two-storey concrete building, a comparatively new building carrying away the suspension verandah and burying itself in the pavement. The parapet on the northern side crashed through the roof of Mr. C. E. T. Woods’ dental surgery adjoining, tons of debris covering the chair from which a patient, just recovering from the effects of ether, had been rushed when the ‘quake commenced. Another building which suffered most severely was that which housed a block of four shops in the de Berry estate. A brick, one-storied structure, it was shattered to such an extent as to practically need rebuilding.

The Empire Hotel, one of the best known hostelries in the Dominion, from the outward appearance seemed to have escaped lightly, with the exception of losing its chimneys, but inside it was a scene of desolation. The interior finish was done in plaster, and the shake brought this down in every room in the house. The owner, Mr. A. E. Jull, M.P., set a gang to work immediately removing the debris and restoring the hotel to a habitable condition. The municipal gasworks also suffered considerably, but the staff were able to carry on. In the comparatively short period which has elapsed since the visitation, the work of restoration has been proceeded with energetically, and now only two or three damaged structures remain to remind one of the tragic February 3.

Where so much damage was wrought in a few seconds, it was indeed remarkable that no loss of life occurred. There were only two casualties, one serious and the other minor. A brick party wall in the Bibby’s building crashed through the roof of a small shop adjoining occupied by Mr. S. Birkin, a bootmaker, and he was buried in the debris. When extricated, it was found that he had sustained serious injury to his back. He was taken to the hospital, where he still lies with little prospect of ever being able to follow his trade again. A lad who was in the shop at the same time escaped with slight injuries to his head.

In the period immediately following the earthquake people were naturally anxious to know what had taken place elsewhere, but inquiry at the post office elicited the fact that all communications had been severed. It was late in the afternoon that news trickled through, by wireless, of the devastation at Napier and Hastings. The cars which had been able to negotiate the broken surface of the road commenced to arrive with refugees, and it was not long before there was a steady stream of traffic to and from the devastated area. Arrangements were immediately made by Mrs. Ness to pen [open] her refreshment shop at the Commercial Hotel corner and supply free tea and sandwiches to all and sundry. With the assistance of many townspeople she was able to keep up a constant supply, and that it was greatly appreciated was evident from the never-ending stream of cars which were parked temporally in the vicinity.

This brief review of the earthquake and its effects would be incomplete without passing reference to the excellent work accomplished by a vigilance committee organised by Constable O’Halloran. Those who comprised the committee were divided into patrols., and they took turn about with duty throughout the nights, and they rendered a service for which the tradespeople have every reason to feel grateful.

WAIPAWA ANNOUNCEMENTS

[All Advertisements]

WHERE TO STAY IN WAIPAWA.
EMPIRE HOTEL
(T. W. WILLS – Proprietor)
(Official C.T. and C.S. House)
One of the most up-to-date Hotels in the Hawke’s Bay.
This is a wooden building and successfully withstood the Shake.
BEST OF WINES AND SPIRITS IN STOCK.
EMPIRE HOTEL   WAIPAWA

UNION BREWERY CO., LTD,
WAIPAWA.
Depression is largely a want
of PROPER SPIRITS.
Get rid of Depression by a
small supply of the Best
SPIRITS, WINES, ALES AND AERATED WATERS,
which are supplied at CITY
RATES by
THE UNION BREWERY CO., LTD.,
WAIPAWA.

FOR VALUE
In All Departments, Visit the
LEADING DRAPERS OF CENTRAL HAWKE’S BAY AT
A.E. KING’S,
Waipawa.

HUNT’S
WAIPAWA
LEADING BOOT STORE
FOR MATCHLESS
FOOTWEAR.
SEND YOUR REPAIRS.
EXPERT WORKMANSHIP.

FRED JULL
The Leading Painter, Paperhanger, Signwriter and House Decorator, etc.
Large stocks of Wallpapers now on hand.
LET US QUOTE YOU!
PHONE 153,
Waipawa

J. McGOWAN,
Waipawa.
CHEMISTS AND PHOTO DEALERS.
PRACTIPEDIST
(Foot Specialist)
PRESCRIPTIONS A SPECIALITY.

Leigh and Eagle
CHEMISTS AND PHOTO DEALERS
WAIPAWA
Full Stocks of Pharmaceutical and Photographic requirements always on hand.

For the Best in –
MEN’S and BOYS’ WEAR
D.H. EDWARDS, LTD.
WAIPAWA

G. SHACKLEFORD
Photographer
PHONE 86.
WAIPAWA

Maclean’s
WAIPAWA
For all Books, Magazines, Periodicals, Fashion Books and Newspapers.

WAIPUKURAU
Moore’s Book Arcade
Latest Books by Every Mail.
Newspapers and Periodicals.
Specially Selected Stationery.
A.S. MOORE
BOOKSELLER, STATIONER, and FANCY GOODS DEALER
Telephone 102. P.O. Box 38.
WAIPUKURAU

SIDNEY BOTT’S
UP-TO-DATE BUSINESS PREMISES
IS REPLETE WITH
Jewellery, Books, Novels, Stationery, Musical Instruments, Records, Crockery, Toys, Chinaware, Crystalware, Etc.
SHOP IN THE MOST MODERN BUSINESS PREMISES IN CENTRAL HAWKE’S BAY.
SIDNEY BOTT’S
Waipawa.

F.R. Furminger Ltd.
FORD DEALERS,
WAIPAWA.
All Makes of Cars Serviced. Open Day and Night.
Phones: 141M and 141S.

Buy Manchester Goods
From HOOD BROS., Drapers – Waipawa
FINLAY’S 80-inch SHEETING   3/3.yard
FINDAY’S 54-inch SHEETING   2/3 yard
27-inch FINE LINEN FORFAR   1/4 yard
PYJAMA CLOTH   1/4 yard
54-inch GOOD QUALITY TABLE DAMASK   2/3 yard
PILLOW SLIPS – Made of HORROCKSES’ CLOTH   1/11 pair
Buy from HOOD BROS., and Save Money

WAIPAWA
MOTORS
(H. C. MASON, Prop.)
Bowser Filling Station open day and night. Workshop – all classes of Repairs undertaken

The BEST VALUE in FOOTWEAR, SPORTS, TRAVELLING, AND FANCY GOODS at –
KNOBLOCH’S
Phone 104
WAIPAWA

Topdress with…
“ONGA” LIME
(98% Carbonate of Lime)
Healthy Stock on Pastures
are secured only when Lime is used in Topdressing.
“ONGA” LIME is ground from the Dominion’s greatest and richest shell deposit. Finely ground, highly soluble. Analysis 98.42%.
ONGA-TIKO LIME CO., Ltd. Box 55, Waipawa.

28   SPECIAL HAWKE’S BAY NUMBER.   The Dominion

HOW WAIROA FARED

Huge Losses in Town and District

A SELF-RELIANT COMMUNITY

When approached by the “Dominion” regarding the earthquake damage suffered by Wairoa and the rehabilitation plans, the mayor, Mr. H. L. Harker, F.P.A., stated that few people fully realised how much the town and district had suffered. How the townspeople have borne their tribulations and endeavoured to temporarily rehabilitate themselves is graphically told by Mr. Harker in his survey of conditions, which follows: –

“Now that matters are taking shape in the way of rehabilitation,” he says, “the people of Wairoa look forward to the generous consideration that has been promised by both the Central Relief Committee and by the Government, trusting that their efforts to help themselves will not debar them from their claims for relief.”

Although dwarfed by the magnitude of the disaster in Napier and Hastings on February 3, Wairoa suffered to an extent little realised by people who have not seen the place for themselves. Though there was not heavy loss of life this is solely attributable to the fact that the business portion is built on only one side of the street facing the river, and when the general exodus from the shops and offices took place with the first severe upheaval, practically everyone got clear before the parapets and walls fell into the street.

On an inspection made immediately after the disaster one marvelled how it had been possible for the occupants of the shops to have escaped uninjured, as the footpaths and streets for more than half their lengths were a mass of bricks and broken concrete and splintered plate glass.

Fortunately for Wairoa the town escaped the demon of fire, owing chiefly to the electric power from Waikaremoana having been cut off a second or two before the shake. Had a fire started the populace would have been helpless, as the water supply was cut off through the pipes bursting.

At 2 o’clock in the afternoon of February 3 a public meeting was held and many offers of assistance were made to the Council, and the following morning a start was made to clean up the debris. The main obstacle here was the fact of the bridge having collapsed, but dumps were arranged on both sides of the river, and in a very few days the streets and footpaths were cleared and all dangerous remnants of buildings either pulled down or temporarily repaired.

The following round figures give some idea of the monetary loss to the district: – Damage to dwellings in Borough, £12,000; County, £5,000; business premises £38,000; stocks, £25,000; bridge, £40,000; main highway in Borough and County, £5,000. Other Local Body losses, including Hospital, County, Harbour and Power Boards, £17,000; damage to fencing in County, £5000; and losses among native houses and farms, £3500; making a grand total of £150,500, and this without taking into account the loss of furniture and effects in private dwellings, which would add considerably to the above.

Well before the week was out most of the business people had established themselves in temporary premises and were at great personal inconvenience supplying the wants of the public and were making efforts to re-establish themselves in their old stands before the month was much further advanced.

Travellers passing through now who saw the town after the shake are amazed at the alterations made in so short a time. Without waiting to see what assistance was forthcoming from the relief funds or the Government, practically everyone set to work and made temporary financial arrangements, and commenced to rebuild and repair, and within another month or so the town should be back to normal as far as the shops and dwellings are concerned, though it will be many years before people are back to normal with their finances.

Business houses throughout the Dominion have been most considerate, and likewise the banks, and this has enabled Wairoa to tide over affairs temporarily. But until the Rehabilitation Committee has given the much wanted financial assistance no one will feel exactly safe or sure of the chance of building up their business again.

The Public Works Department have for some weeks been taking soundings and boring in various places in the river to get suitable foundations for the new bridge which the Main Highways Board has agreed to re-erect in the town as soon as the site has been definitely settled. In the meantime the two sections of the town are connected by a footbridge erected over the remnants of the old traffic bridge, and vehicles are transported by a punt controlled by the P.W.D. and run free of charge to the community.

For some weeks after the ‘quake mails were somewhat irregular, but as soon as the roads were clear the contractors again had the nightly service in operation at great personal inconvenience, the many detours necessary making the trip much longer.

The local dairy factory was thrown out of operation for approximately a week, during which time all cream was transported to the “Kia Ora” factory in Gisborne, who did everything possible to assist their less fortunate brethren. The grading stores in Napier not being in operation, all butter for export is sent through Gisborne grade stores meantime, but it is hoped to have the old arrangements going again in time for the next season.

The local relief committee received many gifts of clothing, foodstuffs and crockery, principally from Gisborne, and opened up a depot under the supervision of the various clergy to facilitate the equitable distribution of same. The depot was then closed temporarily, and is being opened up again in June, as further donations are still coming to hand, and these are greatly appreciated, especially those containing warm clothing, which is still in great demand among those families whose breadwinners were thrown out of employment as a result of the disaster.

“BUSINESS IS GOOD”

“Business is better in Napier and Hastings than in almost any other part of the Dominion,” say commercial travellers whose territory covers both islands. Not only is business exceptionally brisk, they will tell you, but the feeling of confidence in the immediate future is greater in the earthquake-stricken localities than in other districts. In fact, they claim that Napier and Hastings are the only towns in New Zealand where “the depression” is forgotten.

REBUILDING HASTINGS

Prompt Action Taken

TEMPORARY MEASURES

Despite the fact that permanent building in a general way to replace demolished structures will not be possible until it is decided whether or not a town-planning scheme is to be gone on with, Hastings is making a good deal of progress in replacing buildings destroyed by earthquake and by fire on February 3. When a decision in regard to town-planning is reached, there will be without doubt a beginning made with building schemes which main street property owners already have drawn up.

Since the earthquake the Borough Council has issued permits for permanent buildings estimated to cost £37,356, and besides that number there have been 180 permits issued for temporary buildings, which comprise roughly 360 shops and other business premises.

From one end to the other of the northern side of Heretaunga Street, which is Hastings’ extremely long main street, the was not one building left undamaged by the earthquake, though it is true that two or three concrete buildings suffered only minor damage. On the other side of the street, as well as in other parts of the town, the losses were hardly less severe.

Among new building work will be the erection of new premises for the National Bank, the old premises of which were left apparently unharmed by the earthquake, but which, together with the previously unharmed Union Bank were gutted by the fire which swept through the Grand Hotel block into Russell Street, along Heretaunga street, and into Karamu Road, on the night of the earthquake. It is believed that it will be possible to restore such of the larger buildings as the Union bank and the H.B. Farmers’ Meat Co. Buildings without pulling them down. It is understood, however, that the Bank of New Zealand, which on the outside appears unharmed, will have to be demolished.

Reconstruction of the demolished part of the Municipal Theatre has been sanctioned by the Borough Council, and the Municipal Buildings, which include Hastings’ very handsome Assembly Hall, are shortly to be restored to their former condition. Building throughout the town is going on with great activity, and the streets now present a tidy and smart appearance in a degree which the most optimistic would not have anticipated three months ago. All that is now required to enable business to regain its former property is a just allocation of the £1,500,000 set aside by the Government for administration by the Rehabilitation Committee. When it is pointed out that such sums as £35,000, £20,000, and £40,00 were destroyed in the shape of stock, it will be seen that some assistance will be necessary if the losers are to replace even a part of their former stocks. The sums quoted are larger losses which the writer knows of personally, but some of the smaller businesses suffered losses which were terrible in proportion. For example, the proprietor of a small fancy goods business had £7000 worth of stock destroyed by the earthquake and subsequent fire.

Photo captions –

Mr. H. L. Harker, A.P.A., Mayor of Wairoa.

A major reconstruction problem. The Wairoa Bridge was wrecked by the big earthquake. It is estimated that it will take two years to rebuild it.

WAIROA ANNOUNCEMENTS

[All advertisements]

Shop by Mail
STUDY THESE VALUES – WE PAY POSTAGE.
OUR SPECIAL ROLLER TOWELLING.
UNBLEACHED TURKISH ROLLER TOWELLING. – Good quality, closely woven and strong; will make a capital and serviceable Roller Towel. With our recommendation. Width, 15in. PRICE 1/- per yd.
KAIAPOI ALL PURE WOOL BLANKETS – Single Bed Size, 37/6 pair. Three-quarter Bed Size, 47/6 pair. Double Bed Size, 59/6 pair.
LINEN-FINISH SHEETS.
BLEACHED PLAIN LINEN-FINISH SHEETS. – Hemmed ready for use. Pure finish. 54in. x 2½yds., 12/11 pair. 72in. x 2¾yds., 17/11 pair.
80in. x 2¾yds., 19/11 pair.
DOUBLE TEXTURE WATERPROOF SHEETING. – Two layers of sheeting with layer of pure rubber between. Very strong, and will not perish readily. Width, 36 inches.   PRICE, 5/11 yd.
PILLOW CASES. – Our well – known, inexpensive Pillow Case. Made from good quality Calico. Taped and neatly hemmed, ready for use. Size, 18 x 28.   PRICE, 10½d. each. Six for 4/11
NURSERY FLANNELETTE. – 27 inches. A pure White Flannelette, suitable for all classes of nursery use.
PRICE, 8d. yd.; 7/11 doz. Super Quality, 10d. yd.; 9/11 doz.
PLAIN WHITE FLANNELETTE. – Outstanding value in Plain Weave. Made from all long cotton yarn, very closely woven, and finished with cosy soft nap. Bleached pure White. 31in., 1/- yd.; 11/6 doz.
35in.,1/3 yd.; 14/6 doz.   36in., 1/5yd.; 16/6 doz.
ADMIRALTY TOWELS.
The Genuine Super “ADMIRALTY” TOWEL, as supplied to the British Government. – This famous standard Towel is very popular. With heavy pile, extremely soft and absorbent, noted for long and satisfactory service. Pure snow White, with Red striped border, Size, 24 x 48.
PRICE, 2/6 each; 6 for 14/6.
HORROCKSES’ FAMOUS CALICO. – Fine make, soft, and very suitable for children’s and ladies’ wear; known throughout the world for its high quality, close weave and durability.
Al Quality, 32in., 1/- yd.;11/6 per doz. Al Quality, 36in., ½ yd.;
13/6 per doz. BI Quality, 36in., 1/5 yd.; 16/6 per doz.
WE PAY POSTAGE.
LUXFORD’S, Cash Drapers
MAIL ORDER SPECIALISTS,   WAIROA, H.B.

D. GLENGARRY
BUILDING CONTRACTOR – WAIROA
Joinery, Shop Fittings, and Cabinetmaking Experts. All Classes of Concrete Structural Work Undertaken. Materials Supplied.
PHONES: House 269; Factory 378.

FRED HANHAM
WAIROA’S LEADING BOOKSELLER & STATIONER
MARINE PARADE and CARROLL ST., NORTH CLYDE.
For all Newspapers, Periodicals, Novels and Stationery.
Large Stocks of Toys, Gramophones, and Records and Musical Instruments.
SHOP WHERE YOU GET BEST VALUE –
at
Fred Hanham’s

Hasler’s
MARINE PARADE, WAIROA.
HOMEMADE CAKES SPECIALISTS
Best for –
SMALL CAKES
CANADIAN DATE SPONGES
BUTTER SPONGES
Stockists of Confectionery and Cordials.
Light Luncheon and Morning and Afternoon Teas served.
Housewives! Take things easy, and buy your Cakes from –
Mrs. HASLER
WAIROA

S. & E. SMALL
Booksellers, etc.
MARINE PARADE.
WAIROA AGENTS
FOR
“THE DOMINION”
Phone 100.   WAIROA.

GROUT’S NOVELTY SHOP
WAIROA
The Finest Selection of Crockery and Glass from the best Manufacturers.
Fancy Goods, Toys, Leatherware, Stationery, and all the Latest Fiction.
P.O. Box 64.   Telephone No. 321.

H.L. HARKER
F.P.A.N.Z.,
PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT AND AUDITOR,
MARINE PARADE,
BOX 34,
WAIROA.
Phones: Office: 267.
Private: 149.

The Dominion   SPECIAL HAWKE’S BAY NUMBER.   29

NAPIER AMMOUNCEMENTS

[All advertisements]

Buy your FOOTWEAR
Wholesale at…
LES. DOWNES
WHOLESALE SHOE IMPORTER
OPEN WAREHOUSE
Now Open to the Public
THE ARCADE, DICKENS STREET, NAPIER.
Opposite Foresters’ Hall

C.B. HANSEN & CO., LTD.
Automotive-Electrical Engineers
NOW SITUATED IN DICKENS ST., NAPIER,
Official Service Station
Delco Batteries, Delco Remy, Autolite, Lucas, North East, De – Jon, Rotax and Klaxon, and Electrical Equipment.
Lovejoy Shock Absorbers, Harrison Radiators, Bosch Magnetos and Horns.
Hot Point Appliances.
Majestic Radio Agents.

Napier and Hastings are on the map again!
TIMBER JOINERY
Builders and Domestic Hardware
Everything required for the reconstruction of our towns is stocked by
ROBERT HOLT & SONS
LIMITED
NAPIER AND HASTINGS,
Galvanised Iron, Nails, Paints, Glass, Oils, Wallpaper, Domestic Hardware and Tools of all kinds in stock.
HAWKE’S BAY’S PIONEER SAWMILLERS AND BUILDERS’ MERCHANTS – OVER 72 YEARS’ OF SERVICE.

HAWKE’S BAY MONUMENTAL WORKS
New Address:
STATION STREET, NAPIER.
(Opposite Stephenson Trading Co,).
‘PHONE 303,
W.H. JONES, Manager (’Phone 304),
BUSINESS AS USUAL.
PERSONAL SUPERVISION.   NO TRAVELLERS.
Information Gladly Given.

Austin, Hudson-Essex Sales and Service
We are now Re-established in
NAPIER AND HASTINGS
and
MAINTAINING OUR HIGH-CLASS SERVICE
to the Motoring Public
AS BEFORE.
ANDERSON & HANSEN LTD.
Plane Garage
TEMPORARY PREMISES:
HASTINGS STREET,
NAPIER.
RUSSELL STREET,
HASTINGS.
“TRY OUR COMPLETE SERVICE.”
We hope to be re-established on our old site in Dickens St., Napier, by October.

ELLISON’S
Napier’s Leading
SHOE STORE
CLIVE SQUARE
Value in Evening Shoes – full range from 15/6 to 32/6.
Our Special – Ellison’s Gents’ Guinea Shoe – in four colours, with four toes in each colour. Beautiful French hand-made Slippers, from 27/6, others from 2/3 upwards.
Agents for Astoreas and Moccasins.
Crockett and Jones and All Leading English Makes in stock.
Gents’ Working Boots always in stock.
Support the Shop that gives
QUALITY and SERVICE.

W. Marcel & Co.
From PARIS
The well-known Manufacturing Furriers of Hawke’s Bay
Desire to announce that they have re – established their well – known Fur Shop in
CLIVE SQ., NAPIER
And will open shortly in Hastings with a wonderful selection of Fur Coats, Stoles, Fur Trimmings, etc., and will also continue with their Remodelling as usual.
ESTIMATES FREE !

Deighton Studios
FOR PHOTOGRAPHS
‘Phone 586 for appointments
MEMORIAL SQUARE,
Opposite Milton Road,
NAPIER.

NAPIER RADIO COMPANY
NAPIER
MAKERS OF THE
NAPIER RADIO
THE ONLY ALL ELECTRIC RADIO WHICH FUNCTIONED THROUGH THE SHAKES.
PHONE 878 FOR A DEMONSTRATION IN YOUR OWN HOME.
Phone 878 for all
ELECTRICAL AND RADIO GOODS.
LICENSED RADIO DEALERS,
LICENSED ELECTRICIANS,
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS.
“LISTEN – IN” ON A NAPIER RADIO AND FORGET YOUR WORRIES.
FIFTY-FOUR U.S.A. AND CANADIAN STATIONS LOGGED.
Prices from £26/10/-
Hawke’s Bay Agents for “Orion” Electric Ranges and Crosley Radios.
PHONE 878 FOR QUOTATIONS.
T.L. WICKENS, Manager.
NAPIER RADIO COMPANY
PHONE 878,
NAPIER.

MATHEWSON’S LTD.
34 MEMORIAL SQUARE, NAPIER
Direct Importers of MODEL GOWNS, COATS and MILLINERY.
Just to hand, a wonderful selection of FUNCTION GOWNS and ENSEMBLES, also SUEDE GOLF COATS, in all colours.
All garments are Exclusive Models, and
PRICES ARE REMARKABLY LOW.
At MATHEWSON’S
Where Quality Costs No More.

MARSDEN’S ANNOUNCEMENT
BRANCH SHOP OPENED AGAIN IN THE “ARCADE”
Opposite the Foresters’ Hall.
FANCY GOODS AT CUT PRICES.
NEWS AGENCY AND LENDING LIBRARY.
LIBRARIES POSTED ANYWHERE, SPECIAL LIBRARY POSTAGE,
EARTHQUAKE BOOKS AND SNAPS
MARSDEN BOOK CO., LTD.,
DICKENS ST., Next Gaiety Theatre,
Branch Fancy Goods Depot at “Arcade,” Opposite Foresters’ Hall.

30   SPECIAL HAWKE’S BAY NUMBER.   The Dominion

NAPIER ANNOUNCEMENTS

[All advertisements]

LOCKYER’S
PROP. T. B. LOCKYER
The name that has stood as the emblem of Musical Merchandise in Napier for 32 years and still going strong.
PIANOS
Brinsmead & Sons
Paul Newman
Gulbransen Registering Pianos
RADIO
Gulbransen
Brunswick
GRAMOPHONES & RECORDS
His Master’s Voice
Brunswick
Columbia
Rexonola
OUR NEW ADDRESS
CHEAPSIDE, CLIVE SQUARE, NAPIER.

THE IDEAL PATENT FENCING CO., LTD.,
WAGHORNE ST., PORT AHURIRI, NAPIER,
Announce that they are carrying on business as usual, and that they have supplies of posts and gates immediately available.
ENQUIRIES SOLICITED

S. HARRIS LTD.
NAPIER.
HAT AND CAP MANUFACTURERS.
BUY GOODS MADE BY YOUR OWN PEOPLE.
The Quality is Good – You are helping employment.
ASK FOR HARRIS CAPS.
ASK FOR XCELLA HATS.
CHILDREN’S AND WOMEN’S BEACH HATS.

HELEN SMITH
Milliner
DALTON CHAMBERS,
DICKENS STREET, NAPIER.

BERYL STACK
For the Season’s New Styles in
COATS, FROCKS AND EVENING WEAR.
WONDERFUL RANGE ON VIEW
Fine Selection of
CARDIGANS AND JUMPERS.
INSPECTION INVITED.
DALTON STREET, NAPIER.

LEES, Furnishers
DICKENS STREET   NAPIER.
Cheapest House for Dining and Bedroom Suites,
From £11/15/ –

THE TROCADERO
LUNCH AND TEA ROOMS,
FORESTERS’ HALL, Dickens Street, NAPIER,
FOR ALL MEALS.
Open 12 hours a day and every day in the week.
BEST MEALS IN NAPIER.

DARBY’S
(J. H. MENDELSSOHN)
Has reopened with new and complete stocks of FANCY GOODS, CROCKERY, HARDWARE and TOYS, and maintains Darby’s standard for HIGH QUALITY and LOW PRICES.
DARBY’S
37 MEMORIAL SQUARE, opp. MILTON ROAD, NAPIER.

STORKEY’S BOOKSHOP
New Address:
THACKERAY STREET,
NAPIER.
ALL THE LATEST BOOKS AND MAGAZINES.

J. Wray
BOOT and SHOE IMPORTER
Re-opened in CLIVE SQUARE, NAPIER next to Methodist Church.
Full Ranges of
UP-TO-DATE FOOTWEAR
Arriving Daily.
Stocks Gradually Increasing.
BEDROCK PRICES.

A.B. Eames & Co.
THE CITY MARKET
Dickens St.   Napier
BUYERS
Make your selection from the most extensive range of
Furniture and Furnishings
In the District.
All our lines of Bedding, Rugs and Furniture are purchased in large quantities on the best possible market, enabling us to offer greater value than could be the case if our stocks were
ON CONSIGNMENT
VENDORS
We have the space, staff and facilities to handle all classes of business to the best advantage for our clients, and we make every endeavour to guard your interests.
FOR BETTER BUSINESS
A.B. EAMES & CO.
‘Phone 136.

STEWART
NASH
MOTORS
LTD.
DICKENS
STREET
NAPIER’S
LEADING
GARAGE
Open All Night
PETROL   TYRES
REPAIRS.
C.T. GARAGE

W.J. KEEN & CO.
We are buyers of Antique Furniture; in direct touch with Christies, London.
55 MEMORIAL SQUARE, NAPIER.
Opp. Provincial Hotel.

QUALITY SHOP
EQUIPMENT
REMINGTON CASH REGISTERS
BARNES CYLINDER SCALES
PENNSYLVANIA CAKE AND CONFECTIONERY SCALES
MANUAL OR ELECTRIC SLICERS
FAIRBANKS PLATFORM SCALES
CORDEROY PLATFORM SCALES
Sold under Guarantee on Very Easy Terms to Suit all Buyers
Exclusive Agents:
DOMINION SCALE AND CASH REGISTER CO.,
(HENRY BERRY & CO., Proprietors)
79 DIXON STREET (BOX 910), WELLINGTON.

T.R. GARRATT,
GROCER, PROVISION AND HARDWARE MERCHANT,
Cr. Thackeray and Craven Streets, NAPIER.
GROCERIES.
Sultanas, 5d. and 7d.; Prunes, 5d., 7d. and 1/-; Sago 5Ib. 1/-; Cheese, mild, 9d. Try our Bacon. Best Quality. All our stock is new.
Our Prices right.
HARDWARE.
Quick-boiling Kettles, 1/6 and 2/3; Whistling Kettles, 3/6, 4/3 and 5/-; Aluminium Saucepans, from 1/3 to 5/6; Door Mats, from 3/6; Lino Squares, cheap; Leather and Sundries for boot repairs. Men’s and Boys’ Boots at Quick Sale Prices. Cooper’s Famous Seeds, good range.
CROCKERY.
Dinner Sets, from 50/- to 75/- ; Supper Sets, from 6/- ; Fruit Salad Sets, from 8/6; White Cups, only 6d. each; Tea Sets, 21 pieces, from 13/6 set; Glassware, a large variety Jugs, Tumblers, Sugar Basins, Salad Dishes, etc.

HAWKE’S BAY OFFICE EQUIPMENT AGENCY,
THACKERAY STREET, NAPIER.
Next Corner Clive Square.
H.B. Agents for Royal Typewriters, All – steel Filing Cabinets, Twinlock Loose Leaf Ledgers, Swallow Ribbons and Carbons, Swallow Stencils, J. Faber’s Famous Pencils. Latest in up-to-date office equipment.
OUR AIM IS TO GIVE BETTER SERVICE
Than Can be Obtained Outside of H.B.

CHADWICKS DICKENS
STREET NAPIER.
For all BOOKS, MAGAZINES, PERIODICALS and NEWSPAPERS, etc.
JOIN OUR CIRCULATING LIBRARY,
Proprietor J. J. ALLISON

M.E. FAULKNER
Stationer and Bookseller,
For all
MAGAZINES, BOOKS, PERIODICALS and FASHION BOOKS.
Hastings Street,   Napier.

BEAUTY SALON
(H. POWELL, Principal)
Opp. Gaiety Theatre – DICKENS St., NAPIER.
Eugene Permanent Waving, 27/6. Marcelle Water Waving, Tinting, Ladies’ and Gents’ High – class Hairdressing. Only experts employed.
‘PHONE 683.

GEO. W. KEEBLE, Men’s Outfitter
HASTINGS STREET, NAPIER (Next Victoria Hotel).
PRICES RIGHT – QUALITY RIGHT.
GEO. W. KEEBLE.

S.C. MOSS,
HASTINGS. ST., NAPIER.
Full Stocks of
LADIES’ AND GENTS’ FOOTWEAR.
Repairs Executed,
Expert Workmanship.

FURNITURE
We make a speciality of High-Grade Furniture.
WONDERFUL ASSORTMENT OF RUGS.
E. HARRIS,
129 CARLYLE STREET,
NAPIER.

The Dominion   SPECIAL HAWKE’S BAY NUMBER.   31

REBUILDING HASTINGS

[All advertisements]

R. McArthur
THE BUILDER
FOR BEAUTY
AND ECONOMY.
REPAIRS AND ALTERATIONS SKILFULLY EXECUTED.
ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF BUILDING UNDERTAKEN.
COUNTRY WORK IS OUR SPECIALITY.
ESTIMATES GIVEN.
ECONOMY ASSURED.
GIVE US A TRIAL.
R. McArthur
Builder and Contractor,
208 WILLOW PARK ROAD,
Phone 3014,
HASTINGS.

H. HIRON
CNR. EASTBOURNE AND WARREN STREETS, HASTINGS.
FOR JOINERY OF ANY DESCRIPTION,
PLATE GLASS, MOTOR SCREENS.
REPAIR WORK UNDERTAKEN.
Estimates Free.
SKILLED WORKMEN
EXPERT ATTENTION.

An Example of Our Work
Depicted above is the Handsome Kiosk we erected in Cornwall Park, which was not damaged by the earthquakes.
ESTIMATES FOR BUILDING AND REPAIR WORK FREE!
ALF. MUSSON
705N WILLOW PARK ROAD,
‘PHONE 4168.
HASTINGS.

R.T. DEWSON
THE (QUALITY) SHOPFITTER
Plate Glass Counters, Show Cases, and Shop Fronts made by Expert craftsmen, under my personal supervision.
MR. BUSINESSMAN!
Get your Show Fittings from us, and keep your Money in the Bay.
R.T. DEWSON
KARAMU ROAD   HASTINGS

Art Fibrous Plaster Works
612 FITZROY AVENUE, HASTINGS.
R. GRAY, Proprietor. Phone 145.
Suppliers of FIBROUS PLASTER SHEETS, CORNICES, ORNAMENTAL CEILINGS, DOMES, ETC.
Architects’ Detail Work a Speciality.
All materials used are of the best quality obtainable.

Our work Survived the Earthquake
Two of the Largest Buildings we Erected, the Hastings Hospital and Hastings High School, withstood the recent disastrous earthquakes and were undamaged.
As Demolishers, we were instructed to demolish the Grand Hotel and the National Bank Buildings, two of the Largest Demolishings in Hastings.
Quotations given for the Erection of Steel and Ferro-Concrete Buildings.
L. W. HOWARD
(Late of Hillen & Howard Construction Co.)
Building Contractor and Demolition Expert
201 BERESFORD STREET   HASTINGS

THE BRIGHTER HASTINGS
Skilled Building Contractors can do much to ensure the Beauty of the New Hastings. Take no Risks, let us Handle Your Re-building Contract !
CONSULT US BEFORE YOU FINALLY DECIDE.
H. W. ABBOTT
BUILDER AND CONTRACTOR,
AVENUE ROAD, Telephone 2014. HASTINGS.

REBUILDING HAWKE’S BAY
We are prepared to undertake all Classes of building
Specialists in Reinforced Concrete Works. Estimates Free. Enquiries Invited.
C.S. PALMER
BUILDER AND CONTRACTOR
518 FITZROY AVENUE   ‘Phone 4252   HASTINGS

SPECIAL HAWKE’S BAY NUMBER.  The Dominion

[Advertisement]
Prudent Purchasing Promotes Prosperity
The Prudent Motorist Buys
“BIG TREE”
SPIRIT and OIL
Because They Ensure
BIG MILEAGE
and Carefree Motoring
Encourage Extensive Employment of New Zealanders by Using “BIG TREE” Products
A.S. PATERSON & CO., LTD.

Printed by George Thompson, of 7 Rimu Road, Kelburn, Wellington, and published by Roy Cecil Temple, of Te Kaianga, Khandallah, Wellington, for The Wellington Publishing Company, Limited, at the registered office of the Company Wakefield and Mercer Streets, Wellington, New Zealand, TUESDAY, June 30, 1931